Tocopherols and tocotrienols in serum and liver of dairy cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids or a control fat supplement during early lactation

Sadri, H.; Dänicke, Sven; Meyer, Ulrich; Rehage, J.; Frank, Jan; Sauerwein, H.

doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9710

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…β-Carotene may support the antioxidative effect of tocopherol in a synergistic manner (Palozza and Krinsky, 1992). However, CLA treatment in previous studies failed to influence plasma tocopherol concentrations in dairy cows (Sadri et al, 2015;Hanschke et al, 2016) but increased tocopherol concentration in milk (Gessner et al, 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Fa Supplementation On Systemic and Hepatic Inflammatory And Antioxidative Statusmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on performance and fatty acid, antioxidative, and inflammatory status in dairy cows

Haubold

Kröger-Koch

Starke

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to test the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) composition, performance, and systemic and hepatic antioxidative and inflammatory responses in dairy cows. Four cows (126 ± 4 d in milk) were investigated in a 4 × 4 Latin square and were abomasally infused with 1 of the following for 6 wk: (1) coconut oil (control treatment, CTRL; 38.3 g/d; providing saturated FA), (2) linseed and safflower oil (EFA treatment; 39.1 and 1.6 g/d, respectively; providing mainly α-linolenic acid), (3) Lutalin (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany; CLA treatment; cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, 4.6 g/d each), (4) or EFA+CLA. The initial dosage was doubled every 2 wk, resulting in 3 dosages (dosage 1, 2, and 3). Cows were fed a corn silage-based total mixed ration with a high n-6/n-3 FA ratio. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily, and milk composition was measured weekly. The FA compositions of milk fat and blood plasma were analyzed at wk 0, 2, 4, and 6. The plasma concentration and hepatic mRNA abundance of parameters linked to the antioxidative and inflammatory response were analyzed at wk 0 and 6 of each treatment period. Infused FA increased in blood plasma and milk of the respective treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. The n-6/n-3 FA ratio in milk fat was higher in CTRL and CLA than in EFA and EFA+CLA. The sum of FA

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Section: Effects Of Fa Supplementation On Systemic and Hepatic Inflammatory And Antioxidative Statusmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on performance and fatty acid, antioxidative, and inflammatory status in dairy cows

Haubold

Kröger-Koch

Starke

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The preparation of the samples, including RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, was described in detail previously (Saremi et al, 2012a,b;Sadri et al, 2015). Quantification of the mRNA of the targeted genes was performed in an Mx3000P cycler (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) and in accordance with MIQE guidelines (Bustin et al, 2009).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylcarnitine profiles in serum and muscle of dairy cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids or a control fat supplement during early lactation

Yang

Sadri

Prehn

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Acylcarnitines (ACC) are formed when fatty acid (FA)-coenzyme A enters the mitochondria for β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle through the carnitine shuttle. Concentrations of ACC may vary depending on the metabolic conditions, but can accumulate when rates of β-oxidation exceed those of tricarboxylic acid. This study aimed to characterize muscle and blood serum acylcarnitine profiles, to determine the mRNA abundance of muscle carnitine acyltransferases, and to test whether dietary supplementation (from d 1 in milk) with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA; 100 g/d; each 12% of trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 CLA; n = 11) altered these compared with control fat-supplemented cows (CTR; n = 10). Blood samples and biopsies from the semitendinosus musclewere collected on d −21, 1, 21, and 70 relative to parturition. Serum and muscle ACC profiles were quantified using a targeted metabolomics approach. The CLA supplement did not affect the variables examined. The serum concentration of free carnitine decreased with the onset of lactation. The concentrations of acetylcarnitine, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, and the sum of short-chain ACC in serum were greater from d −21 to 21 than thereafter. The serum concentrations of long-chain ACC tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1) and octadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1) concentrations were greater on d 1 and 21 compared with d −21. Muscle carnitine remained unchanged, whereas short-and medium-chain ACC, including propenoylcarnitine (C3:1), hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine, hexenoylcarnitine (C6:1), and pimelylcarnitine were increased on d 21 compared with d −21 and decreased thereafter. In muscle, the concentrations of long-chain ACC (from C14 to C18) were elevated on d 1. The mRNA abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform (CPT1B) increased 2.8-fold from d −21 to 1, followed by a decline to nearly prepartum values by d 70, whereas that of CPT2 did not change over time. The majority of serum and muscle short-and long-chain ACC were positively correlated with the FA concentrations in serum, whereas serum carnitine and C5 were negatively correlated with FA. Time-related changes in the serum and muscle ACC profiles were demonstrated that were not affected by the CLA supplement at the dosage used in the present study. The elevated concentrations of long-chain ACC species in muscle and of serum acetylcarnitine around parturition point to incomplete FA oxidation were likely due to insufficient metabolic adaptation in response to the load of FA around parturition.

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“…Jensen et al [54] showed that after a single dose injection of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate, the RRR-α-Toc was retained in plasma for the longest time and secreted into milk at the highest concentration followed by RRS-, RSS-, and RSRα-Toc leaving the Σ2S-α-Toc to be retained in plasma for the shortest time and secreted into milk at the lowest concentration. In dairy cows during early lactation, the serum concentrations (nM) of γ-Toc, α-, β-, γand δ-tocotrienol were far lower than those of α-Toc (approximately 1/56, 1/214, 1/3947, 1/5000 and 1/2500, respectively) [55]. Among the naturally occurring forms of the VE family, α-Toc only meets VE requirements and α-Toc stereoisomers have different bioactivities because α-Toc transfer protein (αTTP) has a different affinity for VE (described in Section 2.2.1) and play an important role in the circulation and disposition of α-Toc in cattle.…”

Section: Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol)mentioning

confidence: 89%

The Physiological Roles of Vitamin E and Hypovitaminosis E in the Transition Period of High-Yielding Dairy Cows

Haga

Ishizaki

Roh

2021

Animals

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Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementation on the health of transition dairy cows, its risk and supplemental effects are controversial. Here, we present some novel data about the disease risk of hypovitaminosis E and the effects of α-Toc supplementation in transition dairy cows. These data strongly demonstrate that hypovitaminosis E is a risk factor for the occurrence of peripartum disease. Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of using serum vitamin levels as biomarkers to predict disease in dairy cows was reported, and a rapid field test for measuring vitamin levels was developed. By contrast, evidence for how hypovitaminosis E occurred during the transition period was scarce until the 2010s. Pioneering studies conducted with humans and rodents have identified and characterised some α-Toc-related proteins, molecular players involved in α-Toc regulation followed by a study in ruminants from the 2010s. Based on recent literature, the six physiological factors: (1) the decline in α-Toc intake from the close-up period; (2) changes in the digestive and absorptive functions of α-Toc; (3) the decline in plasma high-density lipoprotein as an α-Toc carrier; (4) increasing oxidative stress and consumption of α-Toc; (5) decreasing hepatic α-Toc transfer to circulation; and (6) increasing mammary α-Toc transfer from blood to colostrum, may be involved in α-Toc deficiency during the transition period. However, the mechanisms and pathways are poorly understood, and further studies are needed to understand the physiological role of α-Toc-related molecules in cattle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypovitaminosis E will contribute to the prevention of peripartum disease and high performance in dairy cows.

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Tocopherols and tocotrienols in serum and liver of dairy cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids or a control fat supplement during early lactation

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on performance and fatty acid, antioxidative, and inflammatory status in dairy cows

Effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on performance and fatty acid, antioxidative, and inflammatory status in dairy cows

Acylcarnitine profiles in serum and muscle of dairy cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids or a control fat supplement during early lactation

The Physiological Roles of Vitamin E and Hypovitaminosis E in the Transition Period of High-Yielding Dairy Cows

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