To what extent are orally ingested nanoplastics toxic to the hippocampus in young adult rats?

Cytotoxicity of amine-modified polystyrene MPs and NPs on neural stem cells cultured from mouse subventricular zone

“…Long-term exposure to PS-MPs reduced cell viability in human forebrain cortical spheroids [ 21 ] and increased anxiety-like behaviors in adult mice [ 22 ]. Ingestion of PS-NPs caused neuronal degeneration in the hippocampi of rats [ 23 ]. All these reports suggest that PS-MPs and PS-NPs can penetrate the mammalian brain and exert neurotoxicity.…”