The adjective ‘Lutheran’ is a conventional label in Pauline studies with a highly negative connotation. However, its conventional usage appears to have broadened, now with different meanings in different authors and different modes of reference that are inconsistently used, ranging from ‘of Luther’ to ‘Lutheran’ to ‘like-Lutherans’ to ‘traditionalist’. The present study surveys the label’s use in Pauline studies and evaluates potential criteria for its predication. It ultimately suggests guidelines for future use, both in the interest of academic clarity and out of fairness to the living tradition that bears this name.