Titanium-Based Alloy Surface Modification with TiO₂and Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Multilayers for Dental Implants

Abstract

Implant placement is an important repair method in dentistry and orthopedics. Increasing efforts have focused on optimizing the biocompatibility and osseointegration properties of titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys. In this work, Ti-based alloys were modified by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique, which is a simple and versatile method for surface modification. The morphology and chemical structure of LbL films of poly­(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and Ti dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were first characterized employing ultraviolet–visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies as well as atomic force microscopy for further application in Ti-based alloy implants. The changes provoked by the LbL PSS/TiO2 film on the Ti-based alloy surfaces were then investigated by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman techniques. Finally, in vivo tests (immunolabeling and biomechanical analysis) performed with screw implants in rats suggested that PSS/TiO2 multilayers promote changes in both topography and chemical surface properties of the screw, providing beneficial effects for osteoblast activity. This simple and relatively low-cost growth process can open up possibilities to improve dental implants and, probably, bone implants in general.

In situ titanium phosphate formation on a titanium implant as ultrahigh bonding with nano-hydroxyapatite coating for rapid osseointegration

“…Due to sports injuries or accidents, more orthopaedic defects, especially dental losses, have become serious problems. 1 Pure titanium (Ti) metal is widely used in the dental implant field because of its excellent mechanical properties, good chemical stability, and biocompatibility. 2 The elastic modulus of Ti is closer to the natural bone when compared with traditional implant materials, such as stainless steel, but there is still a big gap.…”

Laser Treatment of Dental Implants toward an Optimized Osseointegration: Evaluation via Tapping‐Mode Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

“…[ 6 ] Additionally, alloy and coating techniques can enhance the osseointegration and biocompatibility, originating from improved surface parameters, wettability, and Young's modulus. [ 7,8 ] Surface roughness is a key parameter for the rate of osseointegration of titanium dental implants and highly roughened implants favor mechanical anchorage and sample fixation to the bone. [ 9 ] In this context, the degree of osseointegration is connected to the biocompatibility of the implant surface and is further influenced by the composition, the implant geometry, and so‐called surface features.…”

Controllable AgNPs encapsulation to construct biocompatible and antibacterial titanium implant

“…However, such surfaces are used as bone-related antibacterial materials, the long-term stability and biosafety are considered the two most important properties in this field. Surface modification to endow titanium with the aforementioned properties is the main method to constructing ideal orthopedic/dental implants ( Yang et al, 2017 ; Kitagawa et al, 2021 ). To date, various antibacterial agents have been developed for the surface modification of implants, including antibiotics ( Hasan et al, 2021 ), antimicrobial peptides ( Wu et al, 2021 ), and antibacterial metallic elements ( Zhang et al, 2016 ).…”