Tissue engineering of heart valves – human endothelial cell seeding of detergent acellularized porcine valves1

Abstract

Porcine aortic valves can be almost completely acellularized by a non-tanning detergent extraction procedure. The xenogenic matrix was reseeded with human endothelial cells. This approach may eventually lead to the engineering of tissue heart valves repopulated with the patients own autologous cells.

Avaliação do comportamento biológico de homoenxertos valvares pulmonares descelularizados: estudo experimental em ovinos

“…In an attempt to improve results with the use of homografts, Bader et al [16] proposed the method of decellularization as a way to eliminate or minimize this immune response.…”

“…This technique was first proposed in 1998 by Bader et al [16] and subsequently modified by other authors. Among the different methods of decellularization, methods were described using enzymes such as trypsin, and ribonuclease desoxiribonuclease, hypo-or hypertonic solutions, surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), octilphenotoxietanol (Triton X-100), deoxycholic acid, in addition to ethanol and glycerol [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Immunoproteomic identification of bovine pericardium xenoantigens

“…It has become increasingly clear that the assumption that xenoantigens are likely to be cell-associated is not valid. Our findings further emphasize that treatment of unfixed xenogeneic tissues for tissue engineering applications must shift from a paradigm of "decellularization" to one of "antigen removal" [9][10][11][12][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Current or future antigen removal or antigen masking treatments will need to account for both cellular and extracellular matrix antigens.…”

“…Because tissues are unfixed in this application, it is necessary to remove graft antigenicity prior to implantation. Numerous physical and chemical treatments designed to decrease the immunogenicity of unfixed xenogeneic biomaterials have been investigated [9,11,12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. These treatments have generally been characterized as tissue "decellularization", based on the assumption that antigens mediating an immune response to the graft would likely be cell-associated.…”

Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Source Differentiation Toward Human Pediatric Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells within 3D Engineered Matrices

“…6 Because valve cells are nonsacrificial, TEHV initially involved the isolation of autologous cells from accessible vascular sources, including carotid artery, 7,8 peripheral arteries, 9 and saphenous veins. 10 The cells were mixed cellular populations with fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, sometimes with endothelial cells. 11 Although the isolation process is technically simple and these cells show substantial tissue formation capacity in vitro, the use of vascular-derived cells requires the sacrifice of intact vascular donor tissues.…”