Timing and structure of the weak Asian Monsoon event about 73,000 years ago

Du, Wenjing; Cheng, Hai; Xu, Yao; Yang, Xunlin; Zhang, Pingzhong; Sha, Lijuan; Li, Hanying; Zhu, Xiaohua; Zhang, Meiliang; Stríkis, Nicolás Misailidis; Cruz, F. W.; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Zhang, Haiwei; Ning, Youfeng

doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2019.05.002

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The direct comparison between AM-AW and North Atlantic records supports the correlation strategy via matching breakpoints ( 36 ) rather than their midpoints ( 7 , 32 ) ( SI Appendix , Fig. S5 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In this regard, they are to some extent more similar to the gradual shifts of the Antarctic, rather than the abrupt changes characteristic of Greenland climate ( 33 – 35 ). Results of midpoint matching further imply that the initial shifts in the low-latitude AM regions led the hydroclimate change in Greenland, suggesting that the trigger plausibly resides in the low latitudes than the North Atlantic domain ( 36 ) ( SI Appendix , Fig. S5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The apparent phase relationship thus contradicts the prevailing notion of a climate dynamic trigger in the North Atlantic (37,38). Alternatively, one can employ a synchronization strategy that utilizes breakpoints rather than midpoints (36), in line with the assumption of synchroneity between the abrupt Greenland hydroclimate change and the initial AM-AW response. Whether the breakpoint or midpoint strategy is valid to the case of the YD has remained an open question until now, due to age-model limitations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similarly, a detailed study of Greenland Stadial 20 and Greenland Interstadial (GIS) 20 (∼73,000 B.P.) could not provide a direct test, due to comparably large absolute age uncertainties at that time (>200 y for speleothem records and >1,000 y for Greenland ice-core records) ( 36 ). Our updated YD chronologies are thus critically important, as they allow statistically robust validation of correlation strategies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event and its underlying climate dynamics

Cheng

Zhang

Spötl

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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145

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The Younger Dryas (YD), arguably the most widely studied millennial-scale extreme climate event, was characterized by diverse hydroclimate shifts globally and severe cooling at high northern latitudes that abruptly punctuated the warming trend from the last glacial to the present interglacial. To date, a precise understanding of its trigger, propagation, and termination remains elusive. Here, we present speleothem oxygen-isotope data that, in concert with other proxy records, allow us to quantify the timing of the YD onset and termination at an unprecedented subcentennial temporal precision across the North Atlantic, Asian Monsoon-Westerlies, and South American Monsoon regions. Our analysis suggests that the onsets of YD in the North Atlantic (12,870 ± 30 B.P.) and the Asian Monsoon-Westerlies region are essentially synchronous within a few decades and lead the onset in Antarctica, implying a north-to-south climate signal propagation via both atmospheric (decadal-time scale) and oceanic (centennial-time scale) processes, similar to the Dansgaard–Oeschger events during the last glacial period. In contrast, the YD termination may have started first in Antarctica at ∼11,900 B.P., or perhaps even earlier in the western tropical Pacific, followed by the North Atlantic between ∼11,700 ± 40 and 11,610 ± 40 B.P. These observations suggest that the initial YD termination might have originated in the Southern Hemisphere and/or the tropical Pacific, indicating a Southern Hemisphere/tropics to North Atlantic–Asian Monsoon-Westerlies directionality of climatic recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event and its underlying climate dynamics

Cheng

Zhang

Spötl

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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145

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“…While these differences in ages between the two age models are well within the uncertainties of the ice core age models around this time (~1500 years, Veres et al, 2013), we can further improve on the estimates of the absolute age of the T1 and T2 events through comparison of the Greenland δ 18 O records with speleothem records of the Asian monsoon (e.g. Wang et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2016;Du et al, 2019). Speleothems can be radiometrically dated using U-Th techniques with uncertainties of <200 years around this time (Du et al, 2019), and a systematic analysis of the timing of transitions out of stadial events in Greenland and weak monsoon events recorded in speleothems over the past 45 ka has shown these transitions are synchronous within 189 years (Adolphi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Impact and Timing Of The Toba Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 68%

New insights into the ~74 ka Toba eruption from sulfur isotopes of polar ice cores

Crick¹,

Burke²,

Hutchison³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The ~74 ka Toba eruption was one of the largest volcanic events of the Quaternary. There is much interest in determining the impact of such a huge event, particularly on the climate and hominid populations at the time. Although the Toba eruption has been identified in both land and marine archives as the Youngest Toba Tuff, its precise place in the ice core record is ambiguous. Multiple volcanic sulfate signals have been identified in both Antarctic and Greenland ice cores within the uncertainty of age estimates as possible events for the Toba eruption. We measure sulfur isotope compositions in Antarctic ice samples at high temporal resolution across 11 of these potential Toba sulfate peaks in two cores to identify candidates with sulfur mass-independent fractionation (S-MIF), indicative of an eruption whose plume reached altitudes at or above the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Using this method, we identify several candidate sulfate peaks that contain stratospheric sulfur. We further narrow down potential candidates based on the isotope signatures by identifying sulfate peaks that are due to a volcanic event at tropical latitudes. In one of these sulfate peaks at 73.67 ka, we find the largest ever reported magnitude of S-MIF in volcanic sulfate in polar ice, with a Δ33S value of −4.75 ‰. As there is a positive correlation between the magnitude of the S-MIF signal recorded in ice cores and eruptive plume height, this could be a likely candidate for the Toba supereruption, with a plume height in excess of 45 km. These results support the 73.7 ± 0.3 ka (1σ) ka Ar/Ar age estimate for the eruption, with ice core ages of our candidates with the largest magnitude S-MIF at 73.67 and 73.74 ka. Finally, since these candidate eruptions occurred on the transition into Greenland Stadial 20, the relative timing suggests that Toba was not the trigger for the large Northern Hemisphere cooling at this time although we cannot rule out an amplifying effect.

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