Time-Temperature Superposition in Linear and Non-linear Domain

Laminated glass is obtained by bonding two or more glass layers using a polymeric interlayer.Compared to monolithic glass, laminated glass is beneficial in terms of post-breakage safety, security against break-ins, and acoustic insulation, among others. That is why laminated glass is being used for a wide variety of constructive solutions. Polymers such as PVB, ionomers, EVA and TPU are used as interlayer materials in laminated glass. This review aims to describe the most common polymeric interlayers, outline its characterization techniques, and give a general overview about the recyclability of the interlayers. There are two main properties used to characterize the interlayer materials: mechanical properties and resistance to ageing factors. Main mechanical tests found in the literature are summarized, and the properties studied in each of them are listed. Most experimental studies regarding ageing resistance consider mainly three weathering agents: humidity, UV radiation, and temperature.

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“…Figure 12. Schematic relaxation curves at different temperatures and master curve at the reference temperature T3 [114].…”

Section: Influence Of Load Duration and Working Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric interlayer materials for laminated glass: A review

Martín

Centelles

Solé

et al. 2020

Construction and Building Materials

103

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“…It is therefore important to understand their time-dependent mechanical properties and their long-term behavior. The time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is generally used to estimate the mechanical properties and long-term behavior of polymers (Nakada et al 2011;Cai et al 2013;Giannopoulos and Burgoyne 2012;Oseli et al 2016;Creus 2015). The effects of crystallinity on creep behavior have also been investigated by applying the TTSP (Chen 1998;Chiang and Lo 1987;Sukhanova et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the creep behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide considering the effects of crystallinity and fiber volume fraction

Sakai

Hirai

Somiya

2018

Mech Adv Mater Mod Process

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Background: The time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is often used to estimate the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. It can also be used to evaluate the influence of a given variable, or set of variables, on viscoelastic properties. In this research, the effects of time, temperature, fiber volume fraction and the relative crystallinity of polyamide (PA) and glass fiber-reinforced polyamide (GFRPA) were investigated using the timetemperature superposition principle to estimate viscoelastic behavior under each set of conditions. Methods: The crystallinities of PA and GFRPA, which ranged from 33 to 45%, were controlled by adjusting the duration of crystallization as 250°C. Creep tests were carried out with these materials, and creep compliance curves of each condition were obtained. Results: Using these creep compliance curves, the master curves for temperature, and the grand master curves for crystallinity and for fiber volume fraction were generated to show the relationships between fiber volume fraction, crystallinity, and viscoelastic parameters. Furthermore, the great-grand master curve for crystallinity and fiber volume fraction was generated to predict creep behavior in an arbitrarily condition. The predicted data were in good agreement with experimental results. Conclusions: A method for estimating creep deformation taking into account the effects of influencing variables was developed. The time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) was applied to the effects of the fiber volume fraction and crystallinity. Grand master curves for crystallinity and fiber volume fraction were obtained by shifting the corresponding master curves. This study demonstrates that the creep behaviors of fiber-reinforced plastics can be estimated using these shift factors and a great-grand master curve. This method yielded estimates of creep deformation that fitted well with experimental results. Based on our findings, it should be possible to control creep deformation in plastics or fiber-reinforced resins by controlling the fiber volume fraction and the crystallinity of the matrix material.

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“…The study of the activation energy of the glass transition temperature was conducted using time temperature superposition (TTS) (Fig. ) and a Williams‐Landel‐Ferry plot (WLF) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical characterization of thermoplastic polyimide to improve the chain interaction via crystalline domains

Nicholls

Craft

Perez

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In a previous study on polyimides, we incorporated an aromatic diamine monomer with a methylene linker, 4,4 0 -methylenebis (2,6-dimethylaniline), to make a robust main chain along with aliphatic polyetherdiamine backbone linkers to decrease rigidity. In this report, we explore the behavior of crystalline regions provided by the organized packing of polyethylene oxide into the formerly characterized polymers. The polymers were designed to exhibit thermal properties in between those of conventional aromatic polyimides and polymers with wholly aliphatic ether diamine links, with a target to improve the mechanical characteristics. Through dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, it is shown that the incorporation of polyethylene oxide diamine and the removal of methyl pending groups serve to improve the organized packing of the chains. All of this allows for a broader range in tenability of thermal and mechanical properties of the polyimide. Furthermore, the crystalline regions are an important component to maintain the temperature stability of polyimide while maintaining the processability. The polymers are characterized by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, thermomechanical and calorimetric analysis, microhardness measurements, tensile testing, and wide-angle X-ray scattering.

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Time-Temperature Superposition in Linear and Non-linear Domain

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Polymeric interlayer materials for laminated glass: A review

Polymeric interlayer materials for laminated glass: A review

Estimating the creep behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide considering the effects of crystallinity and fiber volume fraction

Thermomechanical characterization of thermoplastic polyimide to improve the chain interaction via crystalline domains

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