Time‐shift experiments and patterns of adaptation across time and space

Blanquart, François; Gandon, Sylvain

doi:10.1111/ele.12007

Cited by 53 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Local temporal minima or maxima of resistance in the five other phages (Fig. 1) are more consistent with an FSD coevolutionary process, based on frequencydependent selection (20). Thus, bacteria resisted phages from the present or very recent past particularly well, but were less resistant against phages from the more distant past or distant future.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Based on the streaking test, a time-shift assay approach (15,19,20) was used to determine if bacteria and phages evolved adaptations and counteradaptations antagonistically. Using bacteria and phages isolated from a given microcosm at different time points during the experiment, bacterial resistance is measured against phages isolated from past, present, and future transfers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coevolutionary dynamics between hosts and parasites is increasingly investigated using experimental evolution (15) and more specifically time-shift assays (16)(17)(18), in which hosts or parasites from a given time point are compared with their counterparts from the past or future, enabling the examination of putative reciprocal adaptations (19,20). Some of the prime experimental models are bacteria and their lytic phages, which exhibit rapid evolution and are amenable to time-shift tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Betts

Kaltz

Hochberg

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

101

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Significance Scientists have long debated the dynamic form of perpetual reciprocal adaptations, or coevolution, between hosts and their parasites. The two main types of antagonistic coevolution described to date are arms race dynamics, in which interaction traits escalate through time, and fluctuating selection dynamics, in which traits cycle through time. We used experimental evolution between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a panel of its lytic phages and found the full known range of coevolutionary dynamics. We argue that the coevolutionary pattern is determined by whether phages typically adsorb directly to receptors on the bacterial outer membrane or instead use retractable type IV pili as a primary or alternative site. Our results have applications in the use of phages as therapeutics or disinfectants to control bacterial pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Betts

Kaltz

Hochberg

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

101

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“…Finally, our predictions may have implications for when dispersal happens across time rather than across space, as is the case in species that produce dormant stages. Dormancy may favour the evolution of conditional investment in immunity: dormant offspring are often expected to be exposed to maladapted pathogens [59,60] and may require lower investment in immunity than their non-dormant counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates

et al. 2016

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Over a decade ago, the discovery of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates shifted existing paradigms on the lack of sophistication of their immune system. Nonetheless, the prevalence of this trait and the ecological factors driving its evolution in invertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a theoretical host -parasite model and predict that long lifespan and low dispersal should promote the evolution of transgenerational immunity. We also predict that in species that produce both philopatric and dispersing individuals, it may pay to have a plastic allocation strategy with a higher transgenerational immunity investment in philopatric offspring because they are more likely to encounter locally adapted pathogens. We review all experimental studies published to date, comprising 21 invertebrate species in nine different orders, and we show that, as expected, longevity and dispersal correlate with the transfer of immunity to offspring. The validity of our prediction regarding the plasticity of investment in transgenerational immunity remains to be tested in invertebrates, but also in vertebrate species. We discuss the implications of our work for the study of the evolution of immunity, and we suggest further avenues of research to expand our knowledge of the impact of transgenerational immune protection in host -parasite interactions.

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“…In contrast, when genetic differentiation occurred across seasons (REF and TEM), seasons become the time analog to heterogeneous niches or resources (58), with seasonal cohorts potentially behaving as time-isolated subpopulations and avoiding potential genetic tradeoffs. Interbreeding with genotypes migrating from other seasonal cohorts would expose them to a "time-shift meltdown," analogous to the migrational meltdown commonly thought of in the context of spatial variation (59), as in the case of the WAW climate in fall, where mean fitness decreases between 2010 and 2050 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the evolutionary dynamics of seasonal adaptation to novel climates in Arabidopsis thaliana

Fournier‐Level

Perry

Wang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Predicting whether and how populations will adapt to rapid climate change is a critical goal for evolutionary biology. To examine the genetic basis of fitness and predict adaptive evolution in novel climates with seasonal variation, we grew a diverse panel of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana (multiparent advanced generation intercross lines) in controlled conditions simulating four climates: a present-day reference climate, an increased-temperature climate, a winter-warming only climate, and a poleward-migration climate with increased photoperiod amplitude. In each climate, four successive seasonal cohorts experienced dynamic daily temperature and photoperiod variation over a year. We measured 12 traits and developed a genomic prediction model for fitness evolution in each seasonal environment. This model was used to simulate evolutionary trajectories of the base population over 50 y in each climate, as well as 100-y scenarios of gradual climate change following adaptation to a reference climate. Patterns of plastic and evolutionary fitness response varied across seasons and climates. The increased-temperature climate promoted genetic divergence of subpopulations across seasons, whereas in the winter-warming and poleward-migration climates, seasonal genetic differentiation was reduced. In silico "resurrection experiments" showed limited evolutionary rescue compared with the plastic response of fitness to seasonal climate change. The genetic basis of adaptation and, consequently, the dynamics of evolutionary change differed qualitatively among scenarios. Populations with fewer founding genotypes and populations with genetic diversity reduced by prior selection adapted less well to novel conditions, demonstrating that adaptation to rapid climate change requires the maintenance of sufficient standing variation.climate change | annual plant | genomic prediction | season O ngoing climate change is causing rapid shifts in environmental selective pressures within local populations (1, 2). To persist, populations must track the shifting multivariate trait optimum by phenotypic plasticity or adaptive evolution (3, 4), or migrate to keep up with poleward shifts in their original climate niche (1). The outcome of these responses to climate change will depend upon the seasonal variation a population experiences, particularly in temperate climates, where seasonality is a major source of environmental heterogeneity (5, 6). Understanding adaptation to seasonal environments is critical for predicting the response to climate change in short-lived organisms with multiple generations per year, like many insects and annual plants. Such prediction requires theoretical projections based on solid empirical foundations, tracking phenotypic change in complex traits as well as in the molecular variation present within populations as they adapt to different seasons. Here, we use a genomic prediction model, based on experimental data from Arabidopsis thaliana, to simulate trajectories of adaptation to novel climate scenarios in season...

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Time‐shift experiments and patterns of adaptation across time and space

Cited by 53 publications

References 55 publications

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Evolution of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates

Predicting the evolutionary dynamics of seasonal adaptation to novel climates in Arabidopsis thaliana

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