Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography

Korosec, Frank R.; Frayne, Richard; Grist, Thomas M.; Mistretta, Charles A.

doi:10.1002/mrm.1910360304

Cited by 833 publications

(538 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recently, timeresolved CE-MRA methods with temporal update rates of the order of seconds have been introduced (3,4), and a number of studies have shown their potential for providing detailed information on vascular geometry without the need for exact bolus timing (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Contrast-enhanced (Ce) Mr Angiography (Mra) Is An Establishementioning

confidence: 99%

4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization

Bock

Frydrychowicz

Stalder

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance in Med

154

113

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Time-resolved phase contrast (PC) MRI with velocity encoding in three directions (flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI) can be employed to assess three-dimensional blood flow in the entire aortic lumen within a single measurement. These data can be used not only for the visualization of blood flow but also to derive additional information on vascular geometry with three-dimensional PC MR angiography (MRA). As PC-MRA is sensitive to available signal-to-noise ratio, standard and novel blood pool contrast agents may help to enhance PC-MRA image quality. In a group of 30 healthy volunteers, the influence of different contrast agents on vascular signalto-noise ratio, PC-MRA quality, and subsequent three-dimensional stream-line visualization in the thoracic aorta was determined. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI data acquired with contrast agent provided significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio in magnitude data and noise reduction in velocity data compared to measurements without contrast media. The agreement of three-dimensional PC-MRA with reference standard contrast-enhanced MRA was good for both contrast agents, with improved PC-MRA performance for blood pool contrast agent, particularly for the smaller supraaortic branches. While most clinical applications of MRA rely on the application of Gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent (CA), three-dimensional (3D) phase contrast (PC)-MRA based on velocity-encoded 3D MRI with encoding in three directions has proven to be a useful alternative (8-11). PC-MRA can provide detailed information on vascular geometry and may offer additional information on flow direction. However, most PC-MRA implementations used nongated data acquisition, which can result in artifacts for pulsatile blood flow. Further drawbacks of the PC-MRA method are long scan times and lack of respiration control, which limited most applications of 3D PC-MRA to static regions with low pulsatile flow such as the cranial vessels (12,13).Recently, improved time-resolved (CINE) 3D PC MRI techniques using electrocardiography (ECG) gating and advanced navigator respiration control (flow-sensitive four-dimensional [4D] MRI) have been successfully applied for the analysis of pulsatile 3D blood flow in the aorta (14-24). Such techniques offer the opportunity for the detailed analysis of pulsatile 3D blood flow but require scan times up to 20 min. We previously reported an approach to derive 3D angiographic information (3D PC-MRA) from flow-sensitive 4D MRI (24,25). We showed that it was possible to exploit the information in the acquired flow-sensitive 4D data to derive angiographic information without performing additional MRA measurements. Although the derived 3D PC-MRA does not provide the same detailed depiction of anatomy and morphology compared to CE-MRA, it can improve considerably the presentation of the results by combining 3D visualization of anatomy and flow for large vascular geometries such as the thoracic aorta.Based on this strategy, an improved data processing workflow including noise masking was impleme...

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Section: Contrast-enhanced (Ce) Mr Angiography (Mra) Is An Establishementioning

confidence: 99%

4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization

Bock

Frydrychowicz

Stalder

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance in Med

154

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More recent developments in MRA include the application of view sharing techniques such as timeresolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) and time-resolved echo-shared angiography technique (TREAT) (7,8) as well as image acceleration techniques such as generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) (9) or sensitivity encoding (SENSE) (10), which enable for fast CE-MRA acquisitions and time-resolved MRA (tr-CE-MRA) (7). Although CE-MRA and CTA are less invasive, both methods exclusively depict vessel morphology and geometry but do not provide information about the effect of vascular pathologies on local blood flow characteristics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of iliac and proximal femoral artery hemodynamics using time‐resolved 3D phase contrast MRI at 3T

Frydrychowicz

Winterer

Zaitsev

et al. 2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To demonstrate the feasibility of time-resolved 3D MR velocity mapping at 3 Tesla for the visualization of vascular hemodynamics in normal iliac and femoral arteries. Materials and Methods:Electrocardiographically (ECG) synchronized three-dimensional (3D) CINE phase-contrast MRI with three-directional flow encoding was adapted to analyze flow in peripheral arteries at 3T. Visualization of peripheral arterial hemodynamics within the acquired data volume included 3D streamlines and time-resolved 3D particle traces within the major vessels and localized analysis of flow profiles using 2D-vector graphs. Data was visually compared to results from color-coded duplex ultrasound (US).Results: Global and detailed local blood flow characteristics were successfully analyzed in all subjects. In agreement with US findings, normal laminar flow patterns without flow acceleration or disturbances were visualized in all healthy individuals. In an exemplary patient measurement multiple segmental flow accelerations could be demonstrated. MRI additionally revealed complex helical flow alterations distal to a moderate stenosis. Conclusion:Due to the full spatial and temporal coverage of the arteries of interest, 3D CINE phase contrast MRI at 3T is a promising tool for the evaluation of vascular hemodynamics in peripheral arteries. Future methodological improvements will be directed to improve spatial and temporal resolution as well as quantitative data analysis. Moreover, the technique will have to be evaluated in patients in comparison to standard diagnostic tools.

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“…[3] can be further refined using the following observations: i) For MRA images of the lower extremity, we can split the image vertically into right and left halves and assess the image quality for each half separately, i.e., Q (I) ϭ Q (Left part of I) ϩ Q (Right part of I). ii) Because of this similarity between adjacent horizontal scan lines, we can use every fourth or eighth scan line to evaluate image quality, which gives a result very close to that evaluated at every scan line but increases the computation efficiency by 4-or 8-fold (Fig.…”

Section: Quantify Image Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among data acquisition techniques for CEMRA, the time-resolved strategy offers a very useful option for many situations because of the elimination of the cumbersome timing of imaging to the contrast bolus arrival (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The time-resolved CEMRA generates time series images in a manner similar to fluoroscopic X-ray angiography, where image postprocessing has been used frequently to improve vasculature display (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic selection of mask and arterial phase images for temporally resolved MR digital subtraction angiography

Kim

Prince

Zabih

et al. 2002

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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For time-resolved background-subtracted contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, the bright and sparse arterial signal allows unique identification of contrast bolus arrival in the arteries. This article presents an automatic filtering algorithm using such arterial characterization for selecting arterial phase images and mask images to generate an optimal summary arteriogram. A paired double-blinded comparison demonstrated that this automatic algorithm is as effective as the manual process.Magn Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) has become a routine clinical tool for pretreatment mapping of vasculature (1). Among data acquisition techniques for CEMRA, the time-resolved strategy offers a very useful option for many situations because of the elimination of the cumbersome timing of imaging to the contrast bolus arrival (2-13). The time-resolved CEMRA generates time series images in a manner similar to fluoroscopic X-ray angiography, where image postprocessing has been used frequently to improve vasculature display (14,15). For example, from the time-series images all mask images and arterial phase images can be summoned into one image of greater vascular detail with high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) that is particularly useful for presentation in a surgical operation room where video display may not be available. Linear filtering techniques such as the matched filters can be used to produce a summation image (15,16) and have been attempted in time-resolved or dynamic CEMRA to generate a summary arteriogram (17-21). In practice, the major challenge for summarizing time series images is to identify the contrast bolus arrival and to avoid motion-corrupted mask images and arterial phase images that propagate severe motion artifacts into the final summation image (21). So far, this avoidance of motioncorrupted images and selection of optimal arterial phase and mask images for summation have been performed through a tedious manual procedure (21).Here we report an algorithm that can fully automate the linear filtering process, i.e., to select the set of arterial phase images and the set of mask images such that the subtracted image from the former to the latter is of the best quality. We describe in detail 1) how to quantify the notion of "image quality," and 2) how to effectively select the mask and arterial phase images based on the quantified measure of quality. POSTPROCESSING TECHNIQUES Problem StatementOur approach is basically an automated version of linear filtering that selects a mask image set and an arterial phase image set to generate a linear filtered image. For a given time series of images (I n , n ϭ 1ϳ n max , n max ϭ 35 -40, the total number of images in the time series), indexed by x and y, we want to select the mask image set (M) and the arterial phase image set (A), such that the subtracted or filtered image (S h ) is of "best quality," where S h is given by:where ͉M͉ and ͉A͉ are the number of mask images and arterial phase images, respectively. Note that all the arithmetic ...

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Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography

Cited by 833 publications

References 23 publications

4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization

4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization

Visualization of iliac and proximal femoral artery hemodynamics using time‐resolved 3D phase contrast MRI at 3T

Automatic selection of mask and arterial phase images for temporally resolved MR digital subtraction angiography

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