Time perception, mindfulness and attentional capacities in transcendental meditators and matched controls

Schötz, Eva; Otten, Simone; Wittmann, Marc; Schmidt, Stefan; Kohls, Niko; Meißner, Karin

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.023

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Employees who experienced high quantitative demands at work did not show differential detachment patterns due to their mindfulness level at work. This is contradictory to findings suggesting that an accepting and non‐judgmental attitude and present‐moment awareness as experienced in meditation are associated with a subjective perception of slowing down of time, less time pressure, and less time urgency (Harris, Jennings, Katz, Abenavoli, & Greenberg, ; Schötz et al ., ; Wittmann & Schmidt, ). Future studies should therefore further investigate the role of mindfulness for the perception of time pressure in employees’ daily work processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being mindful at work and at home: Buffering effects in the stressor–detachment model

Haun

Nübold

Bauer

2018

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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In this daily diary study, we examined the moderating role of employee domain‐specific mindfulness within the stressor–detachment model (Sonnentag & Fritz, , Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 72). According to the stressor–detachment model, emotional and quantitative demands should be associated with decreased psychological detachment after work, which in turn is associated with decreased well‐being (i.e., low positive affect and high negative affect) at bedtime. Moreover, we proposed that both mindfulness at work and home should buffer the relations between job demands and psychological detachment and between psychological detachment and well‐being. Sixty‐five employees completed two daily surveys (i.e., after work and before going to bed) over five workdays. Results of multilevel analyses revealed that job demands did not predict psychological detachment, which in turn did not predict well‐being at bedtime. However, the relation between emotional demands and psychological detachment was buffered by both mindfulness at work and at home while the relation between quantitative demands and psychological detachment was moderated by mindfulness at home only. Moreover, we found that mindfulness at home moderated the relation between psychological detachment and positive affect at bedtime. Our study demonstrates the buffering role of daily mindfulness within the stressor–detachment model and highlights the value of considering domain‐specific mindfulness. Practitioner points Being mindful at work and at home buffers the negative relationships between job demands and psychological detachment after work. Promoting mindfulness both in the work and home domain can help employees psychologically detach from work despite high job demands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being mindful at work and at home: Buffering effects in the stressor–detachment model

Haun

Nübold

Bauer

2018

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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“…While the effects of meditation practice on cognitive processes, such as memory (Jha, Stanley, Kiyonaga, Wong, & Gelfand, ; van Vugt & Jha, ) and attention (Hodgins & Adair, ; Jha et al, ; Lutz et al, ), have been widely investigated, only a few studies have looked at the effect of meditation on perception of time (Ataria, Dor‐Ziderman, & Berkovich‐Ohana, ; Berkovich‐Ohana, Glicksohn, & Goldstein, ; Droit‐Volet, Chaulet, & Dambrun, ; Droit‐Volet, Fanget, & Dambrun, ; Kramer, Weger, & Sharma, ; Schotz et al, ; Thones & Wittmann, ; Wittmann et al, ; Wittmann & Schmidt, ). These include studies on the phenomenology of temporal experience (Ataria et al, ; Berkovich‐Ohana, Dor‐Ziderman, Glicksohn, & Goldstein, ) and time perception measured using psychophysical tasks (Schotz et al, ; Wittmann et al, ). In terms of phenomenology, Ataria et al () studied sense of boundaries for multiple aspects, including the sense of time, with an advanced meditation expert who moved through three different stages, namely the default state, dissolving of the sense of boundaries, and disappearance of the sense of boundaries.…”

Section: Meditation and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditation expands subjective time

Singh

Srinivasan

2019

PsyCh Journal

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Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of mindfulness meditation on subjective experience of time. Task difficulty influenced subjective experience of time with larger subjective expansion of time among meditators with a more difficult task. It is not clear whether the effect would generalize to concentrative meditation training. Hence, in the present study, using a temporal bisection task, we investigated the effect of task difficulty (with two discrimination ratios of short and long durations) on subjective experience of time in long-term concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditators and non-meditators. The results provide evidence for subjective expansion of time among long-term concentrative meditators, which is in line with the previous findings with mindfulness meditators. Similar to the earlier study with mindfulness meditators, we also found expansion of time for concentrative meditators only in the difficult task condition where attentional demands are high and less attentional resources are available for processing time. The findings suggest that subjective expansion of time is most likely a general effect of attentional enhancement irrespective of the type of meditation practice.

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“…Los cinco meditadores zen entrevistados, muestran una percepción de diferencia entre el tiempo reloj y la vivencia interna del tiempo, percibiendo el transcurso del tiempo con lentitud y considerándolo como sustancial. Lo anterior, es concordante con la investigación científica revisada, en donde se ha sustentado que la práctica meditativa afecta la experiencia subjetiva del tiempo (Wittman & Schmidt, 2014) y aumenta la sensibilidad de la percepción temporal (Dambrun et al, 2015), percibiéndose una dilatación del paso del tiempo y un cambio en la percepción del presente (Berkovich-Ohana et al, 2011), concibiéndolo como enlentecido (Kohls et al, 2016;Kramer, Sharma, & Weger, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

La Experiencia De Estar Presente en Meditadores Zen: Una Aproximación Fenomenológica

et al. 2018

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En la meditación zen, un componente importante de la práctica es el fenómeno de la conciencia del momento presente. Presencia puede ser entendida como una experiencia de conciencia encarnada en el aquí y ahora. Sobre este objeto de estudio, la investigación ha hecho un abordaje empírico con énfasis en la tercera persona, en desmedro de su estudio subjetivo. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la experiencia de presencia en meditadores zen durante la práctica meditativa. Se utilizó el método de entrevista micro-fenomenológica para recopilar información sobre la experiencia subjetiva de presencia en meditadores. Para analizar los datos, se aplicó el método de fenomenología trascendental de Moustakas, lo que permitió encontrar la estructura invariante del fenómeno de estudio. Esta investigación encontró que la esencia de la experiencia de presencia de los meditadores zen se caracteriza por la sensación de mantener un contacto puro con la realidad, que origina un cambio en la percepción del sí mismo, los otros y el mundo circundante. Finalmente, se discute que los resultados permiten concebir la meditación como una experiencia subjetiva de carácter corporizado y de ser-en-el-mundo, elementos que están abiertos al contexto intersubjetivo. Esta perspectiva abre una interpretación de la meditación bajo un enfoque encarnado y relacional.

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Time perception, mindfulness and attentional capacities in transcendental meditators and matched controls

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Being mindful at work and at home: Buffering effects in the stressor–detachment model

Being mindful at work and at home: Buffering effects in the stressor–detachment model

Concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditation expands subjective time

La Experiencia De Estar Presente en Meditadores Zen: Una Aproximación Fenomenológica

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