TiF4 and NaF varnishes as anti-erosive agents on enamel and dentin erosion progression in vitro

Abstract

Objective This study assessed the effect of fluoride varnishes on the progression of tooth erosion in vitro. Material and Methods: Forty-eight enamel and 60 root dentin samples were previously demineralized (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, 30 min), leading to a baseline and erosive wear of 12.9 and 11.4 µm, respectively. The samples were randomly treated (6 h) with a 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45%F-, pH 1.0), a 5.42% NaF varnish (2.45%F-, pH 5.0), a placebo varnish and no varnish (control). The samples were then subjected to erosive pH cycles (4x90 s/day in 0.1% citric acid, intercalated with artificial saliva) for 5 days. The increment of the erosive tooth wear was calculated. In the case of dentin, this final measurement was done with and without the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). Enamel and dentin data were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey’s and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests, respectively (p<0.05).Results The TiF4 (mean±s.d: 1.5±1.1 µm) and NaF (2.1±1.7 µm) varnishes significantly reduced enamel wear progression compared to the placebo varnish (3.9±1.1 µm) and control (4.5±0.9 µm). The same differences were found for dentin in the presence and absence of the DOM, respectively: TiF4 (average: 0.97/1.87 µm), NaF (1.03/2.13 µm), placebo varnish (3.53/4.47 µm) and control (3.53/4.36 µm).Conclusion The TiF4 and NaF varnishes were equally effective in reducing the progression of tooth erosion in vitro.

Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Chimeolysin against Streptococcus mutans under Physiological and Cariogenic Conditions

“…We tested the activity of ClyR against biofilms formed by S. mutans in comparison with the activities of antibiotics (i.e., penicillin) and chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., NaF [27] and ChX [28], which are commonly used in toothpaste or mouth rinses as a precaution against dental caries). Table S1 in the supplemental material shows that planktonic cells of most of the S. mutans strains tested were susceptible to penicillin (22/23), with MICs being below 0.06 g/ml for all strains except S. mutans B8.…”

Thickness and nanomechanical properties of protective layer formed by TiF4 varnish on enamel after erosion

“…8,12,14 The antierosive effect of experimental TiF 4 varnish is mainly compared to that of the conventional NaF varnish, and studies have prompted speculations about the thickness and properties of protective layers formed by NaF and TiF 4 varnishes. 12,13,14,15 Levy et al 12 speculated that the CaF 2 layer is less resistant to erosion compared with metal-rich surface precipitates. Comar et al 15 speculated that the glaze-like surface layer produced by TiF 4 might be too thin.…”

“…6 The antierosive effect of TiF 4 varnish compared to conventional varnishes, such as sodium fluoride (NaF), is still contradictory. 11,12,13,14 In order to explain these contradictory results, recent speculations have been made about the deposition and thickness of the layer formed by TiF 4 varnish application, 4,15 but there is a paucity of data on the thickness and properties of the protective layer formed by TiF 4 varnish after an erosive challenge.…”

Effect of a Single Application of TiF₄ Varnish versus Daily Use of a Low-Concentrated TiF₄/NaF Solution on Tooth Erosion Prevention in vitro

“…Further studies should focus on the cytotoxic effect of the TiF 4 /NaF solution using different human cell lines before clinical trials are planned. With respect to TiF 4 varnish application, a reduction of enamel erosion of about 58-67% compared to control was previously found after 5 and 7 days of erosive cycling [Magalhães et al, 2008;Comar et al, 2015]. Despite the low pH of the varnish, an increase of enamel height/surface after its application was found by using profilometry, which is due to the presence of the glaze-like layer [Magalhães et al, 2008].…”