Tick burden on European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Vor, Torsten; Kiffner, Christian; Hagedorn, Peter; Niedrig, Matthias; Rühe, Ferdinand

doi:10.1007/s10493-010-9337-0

Cited by 97 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Numerically, the mean infection rates in all ticks and adults decreased by 1.4% and 3.7%, respectively, whereas the infection rate in nymphs increased by 1.7% relative to the data given by Rauter and Hartung (21). We may hypothesize that this difference between the results of the metastudies could be caused by the recently increased involvement of ungulates (like deer or moose), which are generally considered transmission-incompetent hosts for B. burgdorferi sensu lato (34,35) but are frequent hosts of nymphal rather than larval I. ricinus ticks (36,37). An increase in the total abundance of I. ricinus ticks was associated with the abundance of large ungulates previously (15,25,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Strnad

Hönig

Růžek

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

159

145

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Lyme borreliosis is the most common zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks in Europe and North America. Despite having multiple tick vectors, the causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is vectored mainly by Ixodes ricinus in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to review and summarize the existing data published from 2010 to 2016 concerning the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in questing I. ricinus ticks. The primary focus was to evaluate the infection rate of these bacteria in ticks, accounting for tick stage, adult tick gender, region, and detection method, as well as to investigate any changes in prevalence over time. The data obtained were compared to the findings of a previous metastudy. The literature search identified data from 23 countries, with 115,028 ticks, in total, inspected for infection with B. burgdorferi sensu lato. We showed that the infection rate was significantly higher in adults than in nymphs and in females than in males. We found significant differences between European regions, with the highest infection rates in Central Europe. The most common genospecies were B. afzelii and B. garinii, despite a negative correlation of their prevalence rates. No statistically significant differences were found among the prevalence rates determined by conventional PCR, nested PCR, and real-time PCR.IMPORTANCE Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a pathogenic bacterium whose clinical manifestations are associated with Lyme borreliosis. This vector-borne disease is a major public health concern in Europe and North America and may lead to severe arthritic, cardiovascular, and neurological complications if left untreated. Although pathogen prevalence is considered an important predictor of infection risk, solitary isolated data have only limited value. Here we provide summarized information about the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes among host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks, the principal tick vector of borreliae in Europe. We compare the new results with previously published data in order to evaluate any changing trends in tick infection.KEYWORDS Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick, Ixodes ricinus, genospecies, metaanalysis, Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease T he Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group includes the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis (LB), the most prevalent human tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere (1). The bacterium is maintained in a horizontal transmission cycle between its vector, ticks of the genus Ixodes, and vertebrate reservoir host species. In Europe, there are a number of different B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies, many of them directly associated with human LB. The disease is caused predominantly by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, B. garinii, and B. bavariensis (previously known as B. garinii OspA serotype 4) (2). In addition, four other genospecies are occasionally

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Strnad

Hönig

Růžek

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

159

145

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“…Most of the examined animals (99.7%) harbored monospecific infestation by I. ricinus and only one roe deer presented double infestation I. ricinus/Dermacentor marginatus. The predominance of I. ricinus was also found by Carpi et al (2008), Skotarczac et al (2008 and Vor et al (2010) in roe deer from Italy, Poland and Germany, respectively, but not by Alonso et al (2004) in cervids from south-eastern Spain who found Boophilus annulatus and Rhipicephalus bursa as the dominant species, being I. ricinus one of the less prevalent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Vor et al (2010) attributed the male biased tick parasitism found on whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginatus) as an artefact of sexual size dimorphism. However, this explanation may not be valid for roe deer whose sexual dimorphism is less pronounced than white-tailed deer (Geist 1998), so the high prevalence detected in males would mean a higher contact with ticks possibly because of different feeding habits or habitat use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tick infestation (Acari: Ixodidae) in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from northwestern Spain: population dynamics and risk stratification

et al. 2010

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During the 2007 and 2008 hunting seasons (April-October) the skin of 367 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.), hunted in different preserves from Galicia (Northwestern Spain), were examined for ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). The overall prevalence of infestation by ticks was 83.1%. The predominant species was Ixodes ricinus (83.1%), whereas a single Dermacentor marginatus specimen appeared in one roe deer. All developmental stages of I. ricinus were found parasitizing roe deer, the adults being the most frequent (82.2%), followed by nymphs (45.6%) and larvae (27.2%). The mean intensity of infestation by I. ricinus was 43.2 ± 49.85; most of them were adults (30.7 ± 31.64) and in a lesser extend nymphs (16.9 ± 24.74) and larvae (10.7 ± 29.90). Ixodes ricinus was present all over the study with percentages that oscillated between 100% in spring and 57.4% in autumn. CHAID algorithm showed the sex of roe deer as the most influential factor in tick prevalence, followed by the climatic area. The different developmental stages of I. ricinus were more frequent in males than in females, and the prevalence of adults and larvae were higher in roe deer from coastal areas than in those from mountainous and central areas, whereas nymphs were more frequent in mountainous areas. Host age and density were not determinants for tick infestation. Our results confirm that roe deer are important hosts for I. ricinus in northwestern Spain, serving as a vehicle for the geographic distribution of these ticks.

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“…This tick species was collected for the first time from Capreolus capreolus. This tick-host association is often described in other European countries (Dautel et al 2006;Biadún et al 2007;Vor et al 2010), where the roe deer is common. In northern Portugal, however, this deer species Dark areas correspond to new records produced by tick surveillance program or recent bibliographic references (after 1994).…”

Section: The Genus Dermacentormentioning

confidence: 63%

The hard-tick fauna of mainland Portugal (Acari: Ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens

et al. 2011

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This work is an updated revision of the available information on Portuguese ixodid tick species. It includes data on tick biology, ecology, taxonomy and host/pathogen-associations. The current list of Portuguese ixodid ticks comprises twenty species: Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776), Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794), Haemaphysalis hispanica Gil Collado, 1938, Haemaphysalis inermis Birula, 1895, Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878, Hyalomma lusitanicum Koch, 1844, Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844, Ixodes acuminatus Neumann, 1901, Ixodes bivari Dias, 1990, Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849, Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1798), Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815, Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ixodes simplex Neumann, 1906, Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936, Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say, 1821), Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878, Rhipicephalus pusillus Gil Collado, 1938, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806).

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Tick burden on European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Cited by 97 publications

References 43 publications

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Tick infestation (Acari: Ixodidae) in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from northwestern Spain: population dynamics and risk stratification

The hard-tick fauna of mainland Portugal (Acari: Ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens

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