Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans and Animals in West Africa

Diarra, Adama Zan; Kelly, Patrick; Davoust, Bernard; Parola, Philippe

doi:10.3390/pathogens12111276

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 240 publications

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“…Ticks are important vectors of viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens that can cause severe disease in humans and domestic animals, resulting in predicted annual economic losses upwards of $20 billion USD (Lew-Tabor and Rodriguez Valle, 2016). Additionally, individual tick species can transmit multiple pathogens, leading to coinfections in definitive hosts (Jongejan and Uilenberg, 2004;Walker et al, 2005;Yessinou et al, 2022;Diarra et al, 2023). There are many tick genera in Africa that transmit numerous high-impact pathogens for humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, including the causative agents of ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, rickettsioses, theileriosis, babesiosis, and heartwater (Springer et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health in practice: Multi-season survey of ixodid tick species collected from domestic dogs in Chad

Cleveland,

Friedman,

Thompson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Ticks are medically important vectors of pathogens, many of which are zoonotic or impact domestic animal and/or wildlife health. Climate change, landscape use, and increasing interactions between domestic animals, wildlife, and humans have resulted in changes in tick-host dynamics and the emergence of novel pathogens worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to describe the host and geographic ranges of vector species to assess disease risk, particularly in areas where research is lacking. This task necessitates adopting a One Health approach. In sub-Saharan Africa, previous work on ticks has focused primarily on those species most relevant to domestic livestock or humans, highlighting a significant knowledge gap concerning species of ticks that infest peri-domestic animals in rural areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the species diversity of ticks on peri-domestic dogs in rural areas of Chad, Africa. From 2019-2022, we collected 3,412 ixodid ticks from 435 peri-domestic dogs from 23 villages in Chad, Africa during both dry and wet seasons. Ticks were identified to species using morphological techniques and/or molecular analyses of the 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, and cytochrome oxidase I gene regions. We identified 11 species of ticks from dogs includingAmblyomma variegatum,Amblyomma marmoreum,Haemaphysalis leachi,aHaemaphysalissp.,Hyalomma impressum, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus guilhoni, Rhipicephalus muhsamae, Rhipicephalus linnaei(=R. sanguineus‘tropical lineage’), and aRhipicephalussp. Several of these tick species are known vectors for important canine and zoonotic pathogens and some are more commonly associated with cattle hosts. Our results show that sampling ticks from peri-domestic dogs provides an opportunity to examine vectors that may infest domestic animals, agricultural animals, wildlife, and humans as hosts in an understudied area.HighlightsTick-borne diseases are significant concern across sub-Saharan AfricaLimited data on ticks of animals and people in Chad, AfricaA high diversity of tick species infested domestic dogs in ChadMany detected tick species associated with important pathogens

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health in practice: Multi-season survey of ixodid tick species collected from domestic dogs in Chad

Cleveland,

Friedman,

Thompson

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs from Chad, Africa

Haynes,

Garrett,

Grunert

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Background Tick-borne pathogens are understudied among domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa but represent significant threats to the health of domestic animals and humans. Specifically, additional data are needed on tick-borne pathogens in Chad, Africa. Surveillance was conducted among domestic dogs in Chad for selected tick-borne pathogens to measure (1) the prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia spp.; (2) the prevalence of infections caused by Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia spp.; and (3) associations of pathogens with demographic, spatial, and temporal factors. Blood samples were collected from domestic dogs at three time points (May 2019, November 2019, June 2020) across 23 villages in southern Chad. Results Of the 428 dogs tested with the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx test in May 2019, 86% (n = 370, 95% CI = 83–90%) were positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., 21% (n = 88, 95% CI = 17–25%) were positive for antibodies to Anaplasma spp., and 0.7% (n = 3, 95% CI = 0.1–2%) were positive for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Four different pathogens were detected via PCR. Hepatozoon spp. were most commonly detected (67.2–93.4%, depending on the time point of sampling), followed by E. canis (7.0-27.8%), A. platys (10.1–22.0%), and Babesia vogeli (0.4–1.9%). Dogs were coinfected with up to three pathogens at a single time point, and coinfections were most common in May 2019 compared to November 2019 and May 2020. Conclusions Overall, this study provides new data about the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Chad, with potential implications for dog and human health.

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Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs from Chad, Africa, in a One Health context

Haynes,

Garrett,

Grunert

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Tick-borne pathogens are understudied among domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa but represent significant threats to the health of domestic animals and humans. Specifically, additional data are needed on tick-borne pathogens in Chad, Africa. Surveillance was conducted among domestic dogs in Chad for selected tick-borne pathogens to measure (1) the prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia spp.; (2) the prevalence of infections caused by Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia spp.; and (3) associations of pathogens with demographic, spatial, and temporal factors. Blood samples were collected from domestic dogs at three time points (May 2019, November 2019, June 2020) across 23 villages in three regions in southern Chad. Results Of the 428 dogs tested with the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx test in May 2019, 86% (n = 370, 95% CI = 83–90%) were positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., 21% (n = 88, 95% CI = 17–25%) were positive for antibodies to Anaplasma spp., and 0.7% (n = 3, 95% CI = 0.1–2%) were positive for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Four different pathogens were detected via PCR. Hepatozoon spp. were most commonly detected (67.2–93.4%, depending on the time point of sampling), followed by E. canis (7.0-27.8%), A. platys (10.1–22.0%), and Babesia canis vogeli (0.4–1.9%). Dogs were coinfected with up to three pathogens at a single time point, and coinfections were most common in May 2019 compared to November 2019 and May 2020. Conclusions Overall, this study provides new data about the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Chad, with potential implications for dog and human health.

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Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans and Animals in West Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 240 publications

One Health in practice: Multi-season survey of ixodid tick species collected from domestic dogs in Chad

One Health in practice: Multi-season survey of ixodid tick species collected from domestic dogs in Chad

Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs from Chad, Africa

Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs from Chad, Africa, in a One Health context

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