Tic Exacerbation in Adults with Tourette Syndrome: A Case Series

Childhood Predictors of Long-Term Tic Severity and Tic Impairment in Tourette’s Disorder

“…The significance of higher childhood tic severity as a predictor of long-term tic severity and tic impairment outcomes is supported by several prior studies ( Bloch et al, 2006 ; Cavanna, David, Orth, & Robertson, 2012 ; Goetz et al, 1992 ; Groth, Skov, Lange, & Debes, 2019 ). Although tic severity may decline during adolescence on average, this may be temporary in many cases, as tics have been shown to reemerge in adulthood for many individuals ( Schaefer, Chow, Louis, & Robakis, 2017 ). Thus, childhood tic severity may serve as an important early clinical indicator of long-term tic outcomes.…”

Childhood Predictors of Long-Term Tic Severity and Tic Impairment in Tourette’s Disorder

“…The significance of higher childhood tic severity as a predictor of long-term tic severity and tic impairment outcomes is supported by several prior studies ( Bloch et al, 2006 ; Cavanna, David, Orth, & Robertson, 2012 ; Goetz et al, 1992 ; Groth, Skov, Lange, & Debes, 2019 ). Although tic severity may decline during adolescence on average, this may be temporary in many cases, as tics have been shown to reemerge in adulthood for many individuals ( Schaefer, Chow, Louis, & Robakis, 2017 ). Thus, childhood tic severity may serve as an important early clinical indicator of long-term tic outcomes.…”

Experiences of self-identification, diagnosis and support for adults seeking a recognition of tic disorders in the United Kingdom

“…Tic disorders (including Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Chronic Motor and/or Phonic/Vocal Disorder) are typically conceptualized as a childhood contained disorder, where symptoms often diminish over time in adolescence and adulthood to non-clinical or manageable levels (Bloch and Leckman, 2009). However, a growing body of research and accounts of those with lived experiences, challenges the typical view of the clinical course of tics across the lifespan, indicating that tics may endure longer, in a milder more minimal form and that a recurrence of symptoms following asymptomatic latent periods, may be more prevalent than previously recognized (Bruun and Budman, 1997;Schaefer et al, 2017: Black et al, 2021). These periods of latency or temporary amelioration in adulthood may persist for years, contrasting with quicker waxing and waning patterns typically seen in children (Schaefer et al, 2017).…”

“…However, a growing body of research and accounts of those with lived experiences, challenges the typical view of the clinical course of tics across the lifespan, indicating that tics may endure longer, in a milder more minimal form and that a recurrence of symptoms following asymptomatic latent periods, may be more prevalent than previously recognized (Bruun and Budman, 1997;Schaefer et al, 2017: Black et al, 2021). These periods of latency or temporary amelioration in adulthood may persist for years, contrasting with quicker waxing and waning patterns typically seen in children (Schaefer et al, 2017). Whilst primary adult-onset tics which are not attributed to a recurrence of childhood tics or to another neurologic condition are considered rare, they are recognized to exist (Chouinard and Ford, 2000;Eapen et al, 2002).…”

Childhood Predictors of Long-Term Tic Severity and Tic Impairment in Tourette’s Disorder

“…The significance of higher childhood tic severity as a predictor of long-term tic severity and tic impairment outcomes is supported by several prior studies ( Bloch et al, 2006 ; Cavanna, David, Orth, & Robertson, 2012 ; Goetz et al, 1992 ; Groth, Skov, Lange, & Debes, 2019 ). Although tic severity may decline during adolescence on average, this may be temporary in many cases, as tics have been shown to reemerge in adulthood for many individuals ( Schaefer, Chow, Louis, & Robakis, 2017 ). Thus, childhood tic severity may serve as an important early clinical indicator of long-term tic outcomes.…”

Experiences of self-identification, diagnosis and support for adults seeking a recognition of tic disorders in the United Kingdom

“…Tic disorders (including Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Chronic Motor and/or Phonic/Vocal Disorder) are typically conceptualized as a childhood contained disorder, where symptoms often diminish over time in adolescence and adulthood to non-clinical or manageable levels (Bloch and Leckman, 2009). However, a growing body of research and accounts of those with lived experiences, challenges the typical view of the clinical course of tics across the lifespan, indicating that tics may endure longer, in a milder more minimal form and that a recurrence of symptoms following asymptomatic latent periods, may be more prevalent than previously recognized (Bruun and Budman, 1997;Schaefer et al, 2017: Black et al, 2021). These periods of latency or temporary amelioration in adulthood may persist for years, contrasting with quicker waxing and waning patterns typically seen in children (Schaefer et al, 2017).…”

“…However, a growing body of research and accounts of those with lived experiences, challenges the typical view of the clinical course of tics across the lifespan, indicating that tics may endure longer, in a milder more minimal form and that a recurrence of symptoms following asymptomatic latent periods, may be more prevalent than previously recognized (Bruun and Budman, 1997;Schaefer et al, 2017: Black et al, 2021). These periods of latency or temporary amelioration in adulthood may persist for years, contrasting with quicker waxing and waning patterns typically seen in children (Schaefer et al, 2017). Whilst primary adult-onset tics which are not attributed to a recurrence of childhood tics or to another neurologic condition are considered rare, they are recognized to exist (Chouinard and Ford, 2000;Eapen et al, 2002).…”

Childhood Predictors of Long-Term Tic Severity and Tic Impairment in Tourette’s Disorder

“…The significance of higher childhood tic severity as a predictor of long-term tic severity and tic impairment outcomes is supported by several prior studies ( Bloch et al, 2006 ; Cavanna, David, Orth, & Robertson, 2012 ; Goetz et al, 1992 ; Groth, Skov, Lange, & Debes, 2019 ). Although tic severity may decline during adolescence on average, this may be temporary in many cases, as tics have been shown to reemerge in adulthood for many individuals ( Schaefer, Chow, Louis, & Robakis, 2017 ). Thus, childhood tic severity may serve as an important early clinical indicator of long-term tic outcomes.…”

Experiences of self-identification, diagnosis and support for adults seeking a recognition of tic disorders in the United Kingdom

“…Tic disorders (including Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Chronic Motor and/or Phonic/Vocal Disorder) are typically conceptualized as a childhood contained disorder, where symptoms often diminish over time in adolescence and adulthood to non-clinical or manageable levels (Bloch and Leckman, 2009). However, a growing body of research and accounts of those with lived experiences, challenges the typical view of the clinical course of tics across the lifespan, indicating that tics may endure longer, in a milder more minimal form and that a recurrence of symptoms following asymptomatic latent periods, may be more prevalent than previously recognized (Bruun and Budman, 1997;Schaefer et al, 2017: Black et al, 2021). These periods of latency or temporary amelioration in adulthood may persist for years, contrasting with quicker waxing and waning patterns typically seen in children (Schaefer et al, 2017).…”

“…However, a growing body of research and accounts of those with lived experiences, challenges the typical view of the clinical course of tics across the lifespan, indicating that tics may endure longer, in a milder more minimal form and that a recurrence of symptoms following asymptomatic latent periods, may be more prevalent than previously recognized (Bruun and Budman, 1997;Schaefer et al, 2017: Black et al, 2021). These periods of latency or temporary amelioration in adulthood may persist for years, contrasting with quicker waxing and waning patterns typically seen in children (Schaefer et al, 2017). Whilst primary adult-onset tics which are not attributed to a recurrence of childhood tics or to another neurologic condition are considered rare, they are recognized to exist (Chouinard and Ford, 2000;Eapen et al, 2002).…”