Tibial cartilage, subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone microarchitecture in varus‐ and valgus‐osteoarthritis versus controls

Rapagna, Sophie; Roberts, Bryant C.; Solomon, Lucian B.; Reynolds, Karen; Thewlis, Dominic; Perilli, Egon

doi:10.1002/jor.24914

Cited by 14 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…5 ). Similar observations are reported for femoral heads, as well as other human joints [ 14 , 17 , 18 , 41 , 42 ]. The overlap of the AC and SB thickness distributions can be interpreted as an expression of the biomechanical function in the joint and reaffirms the interdependent nature of the cartilage-bone unit [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Investigating the Microchannel Architectures Inside the Subchondral Bone in Relation to Estimated Hip Reaction Forces on the Human Femoral Head

et al. 2021

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The interplay between articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SB) plays a pivotal role in cartilage homeostasis and functionality. As direct connective pathways between the two are poorly understood, we examined the location-dependent characteristics of the 3D microchannel network within the SB that connects the basal cartilage layer to the bone marrow (i.e. cartilage-bone marrow microchannel connectors; CMMC). 43 measuring points were defined on five human cadaveric femoral heads with no signs of osteoarthritis (OA) (age ≤ 60), and cartilage-bone cylinders with diameters of 2.00 mm were extracted for high-resolution scanning (n = 215). The micro-CT data were categorized into three groups (load-bearing region: LBR, n = 60; non-load-bearing region: NLBR, n = 60; and the peripheral rim: PR, n = 95) based on a gait analysis estimation of the joint reaction force (young, healthy cohort with no signs of OA). At the AC-SB interface, the number of CMMC in the LBR was 1.8 times and 2.2 times higher compared to the NLBR, and the PR, respectively. On the other hand, the median Feret size of the CMMC were smallest in the LBR (55.2 µm) and increased in the NLBR (73.5 µm; p = 0.043) and the PR (89.1 µm; p = 0.043). AC thickness was positively associated with SB thickness (Pearson's r = 0.48; p < 1e-13), CMMC number. (r = 0.46; p < 1e-11), and circularity index (r = 0.61; p < 1e-38). In conclusion, our data suggest that regional differences in the microchannel architecture of SB might reflect regional differences in loading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Investigating the Microchannel Architectures Inside the Subchondral Bone in Relation to Estimated Hip Reaction Forces on the Human Femoral Head

et al. 2021

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“…33 A varus alignment was defined as a medial deviation greater than 15 mm, valgus alignment as a lateral deviation greater than 0 mm and a neutral alignment between the two. 15,33,34…”

Section: Mechanical Joint Alignment From Radiographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11] This can then affect the articular cartilage morphology and distribution, which may contribute to knee OA. [12][13][14][15] In particular, external measures of joint loading (derived from gait analysis), including the knee adduction moment (KAM), KAM impulse, and knee flexion moments (KFM), have been associated with variations in tibial cartilage thickness in OA. [16][17][18] However, some relationships, such as those between the knee OA cartilage thickness, KFM and KAM are conflicting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micro-CT enables the non-destructive 3D assessment of entire excised human tibial plateaus at high resolutions, with growing interest in the examination of human articular cartilage. 15,25,26 Using micro-CT, our group has previously shown associations between joint moments and the regional subchondral bone microarchitecture in end-stage knee OA. 27 Among these, relationships also with the external rotation moment (ERM) were found, which in general are underreported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between tibial articular cartilage, in vivo external joint moments and static alignment in end‐stage knee osteoarthritis: A micro‐CT study

Rapagna

Roberts

Solomon

et al. 2021

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Biomechanical factors (e.g., joint loading) have a significant role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, some relationships between in vivo joint loading indices and tibial cartilage thickness are conflicting. This study investigated relationships between pre‐operative in vivo external knee joint moments, joint alignment and regional tibial cartilage thickness using micro‐CT in subjects with end‐stage knee OA. Tibial plateaus from 25 patients that underwent knee replacement for OA were micro‐CT scanned (17 µm/voxel). Prior to surgery, subjects underwent gait analysis to calculate external knee moments. The mechanical axis deviation (MAD) was obtained from pre‐operative radiographs. Cartilage thickness (Cart.Th) was analyzed from micro‐CT images, in anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial and posterolateral subregions of interest. Medial‐to‐lateral Cart.Th ratios were also explored. Relationships between Cart.Th and joint loading indices were examined using Pearson's correlations. Significant correlations were found between Cart.Th and joint loading indices, positive anteromedially with the first peak knee adduction moment (r = 0.55, p < 0.01) and external rotation moment (ERM; r = 0.52, p < 0.01), and negative with MAD (r = −0.76, p < 0.001). In the lateral regions, these correlations had opposite signs. The medial‐to‐lateral Cart.Th ratio correlated strongly with ERM (r = 0.63, p = 0.001) and MAD (r = −0.75, p < 0.001). Joint loading indices correlated with regional cartilage thickness values and their medial‐to‐lateral ratios in end‐stage knee OA subjects, with higher regional loads corresponding to thinner cartilage. These relationships have the opposite sign compared to the subchondral bone microarchitecture found in our previous study on the same specimens, which may suggest a complementary bone–cartilage interplay in response to loading.

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“…Numerous studies on animal OA models have shown that cartilage degradation is accompanied by changes in the microarchitecture and/or mineralization of subchondral bone (reviewed in [8,9]). Several previous studies on human knees and hips have shown that the microarchitectural and mineral parameters of subchondral bone are closely associated with the local severity of cartilage degradation in OA [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Cartilage degradation, represented by the loss of matrix macromolecules, especially proteoglycans and type II collagen, is attributable to the proteolytic activities of aggrecanases and collagenases [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchondral Bone Microarchitectural and Mineral Properties and Expression of Key Degradative Proteinases by Chondrocytes in Human Hip Osteoarthritis

Liem

Zamli

et al. 2021

Biomedicines

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Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of key degradative enzymes by chondrocytes and the microarchitectural and mineral properties of subchondral bone across different stages of cartilage degradation in human hip osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Osteochondral samples at different stages of cartilage degradation were collected from 16 femoral heads with OA. Osteochondral samples with normal cartilage were collected from seven femoral heads with osteoporosis. Microcomputed tomography was used for the investigation of subchondral bone microarchitecture and mineral densities. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression and distribution of MMP13 and ADAMTS4 in cartilage. Results: The microarchitecture and mineral properties of the subchondral plate and trabecular bone in OA varied with the severity of the degradation of the overlying cartilage. Chondrocytes expressing MMP13 and ADAMTS4 are mainly located in the upper zone(s) of cartilage regardless of the histopathological grades. The zonal expression of these enzymes in OA (i.e., the percentage of positive cells in the superficial, middle, and deep zones), rather than their overall expression (the percentage of positive cells in the full thickness of the cartilage), exhibited significant variation in relation to the severity of cartilage degradation. The associations between the subchondral bone properties and zonal and overall expression of these enzymes in the cartilage were generally weak or nonsignificant. Conclusions: Phenotypic changes in chondrocytes and remodelling of subchondral bone proceed at different rates throughout the process of cartilage degradation. Biological influences are more important for cartilage degradation at early stages, while biomechanical damage to the compromised tissue may outrun the phenotypic change of chondrocytes and is critical in the advanced stages.

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Tibial cartilage, subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone microarchitecture in varus‐ and valgus‐osteoarthritis versus controls

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Investigating the Microchannel Architectures Inside the Subchondral Bone in Relation to Estimated Hip Reaction Forces on the Human Femoral Head

Investigating the Microchannel Architectures Inside the Subchondral Bone in Relation to Estimated Hip Reaction Forces on the Human Femoral Head

Relationships between tibial articular cartilage, in vivo external joint moments and static alignment in end‐stage knee osteoarthritis: A micro‐CT study

Subchondral Bone Microarchitectural and Mineral Properties and Expression of Key Degradative Proteinases by Chondrocytes in Human Hip Osteoarthritis

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