Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

Dai, Fei; Nevo, Eviatar; Wu, Dezhi; Comadran, Jordi; Zhou, Meixue; Qiu, Ling; Chen, Zhonghua; Beiles, Avigdor; Chen, Guoxiong; Zhang, Guoping

doi:10.1073/pnas.1215265109

Cited by 220 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…S1B), indicating that more than half of the genetic diversity in exon has been lost during barley domestication or modern breeding. This finding also indicates that wild barley has a much larger gene pool than cultivated barley and contains more potentially useful genetic resources for barley improvement (4,14,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Six wild-barley accessions from the Near East were collected and previously characterized by Nevo et al (26)(27)(28). Six wild-barley genotypes were from the collection of Xu, since the 1960s, from the extensive area of the Tibetan Plateau (11,12), and evaluated by Dai et al (14,47) and Qiu et al (48). Among the cultivated barley genotypes used in this study, Padanggamu, Beiqing5, and Himala2 were hulless, also called qingke, and cultivated on the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies have shown significant genetic differences between wild barley from the Near East and Tibet (14). However, no research has been conducted using comparative transcriptomics to distinguish between cultivated barley and different wild-barley populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in the characterization and quantification of transcriptome with RNA-Seq have been made in rice (18), maize (19), and barley (20). In view of the large genome of barley and the wide genetic diversity of wild barley (4,14,21), RNA-Seq has become a very effective and powerful technology in generating comprehensive transcriptome profiles (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome profiling reveals mosaic genomic origins of modern cultivated barley

Dai

Chen

Wang

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The domestication of cultivated barley has been used as a model system for studying the origins and early spread of agrarian culture. Our previous results indicated that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley. Here we reveal multiple origins of domesticated barley using transcriptome profiling of cultivated and wild-barley genotypes. Approximately 48-Gb of clean transcript sequences in 12 Hordeum spontaneum and 9 Hordeum vulgare accessions were generated. We reported 12,530 de novo assembled transcripts in all of the 21 samples. Population structure analysis showed that Tibetan hulless barley (qingke) might have existed in the early stage of domestication. Based on the large number of unique genomic regions showing the similarity between cultivated and wildbarley groups, we propose that the genomic origin of modern cultivated barley is derived from wild-barley genotypes in the Fertile Crescent (mainly in chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 3H) and Tibet (mainly in chromosomes 4H, 5H, 6H, and 7H). This study indicates that the domestication of barley may have occurred over time in geographically distinct regions.evolution | genetic diversity | genomic similarity | RNA-Seq | single nucleotide variants

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome profiling reveals mosaic genomic origins of modern cultivated barley

Dai

Chen

Wang

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…nudum), with naked caryopsis, is mainly cultivated in Tibet and its vicinity, which is one of the domestication and diversity centers for cultivated barley (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in high altitudes made it the staple food for Tibetans beginning at least 3,500-4,000 years ago (17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

The draft genome of Tibetan hulless barley reveals adaptive patterns to the high stressful Tibetan Plateau

Zeng

Long

Wang

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Tibetan hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum), also called "Qingke" in Chinese and "Ne" in Tibetan, is the staple food for Tibetans and an important livestock feed in the Tibetan Plateau. The diploid nature and adaptation to diverse environments of the highland give it unique resources for genetic research and crop improvement. Here we produced a 3.89-Gb draft assembly of Tibetan hulless barley with 36,151 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative analyses revealed the divergence times and synteny between barley and other representative Poaceae genomes. The expansion of the gene family related to stress responses was found in Tibetan hulless barley. Resequencing of 10 barley accessions uncovered high levels of genetic variation in Tibetan wild barley and genetic divergence between Tibetan and non-Tibetan barley genomes. Selective sweep analyses demonstrate adaptive correlations of genes under selection with extensive environmental variables. Our results not only construct a genomic framework for crop improvement but also provide evolutionary insights of highland adaptation of Tibetan hulless barley.Tibetan hulless barley | Triticeae evolution | genetic diversity | adaptation | selective sweep

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Prehistoric Colonization and Demographic History of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau

Cui

Ouzhuluobu

et al. 2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Tibetans differ significantly from other human populations living at low elevations in terms of their superior physiological adaptation to hypoxia at high altitudes. These adaptations to hypoxic environments, such as those on the Tibetan Plateau, likely reflect a long history of colonisation in the area. Archaeologists have previously proposed the earliest human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau some 40 thousand years ago (ka) in the Upper Palaeolithic, but there is some controversy to this dating, as some researchers are sceptical of these Upper Palaeolithic autochthons surviving the harsh conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 22–18 ka), suggesting that modern Tibetans then descended from immigrants that settled the Plateau following the end of the LGM. Recent genetic evidence somewhat supports the earlier explanation of permanent colonisation of Tibetan Plateau likely 30 ka, during the early Upper Palaeolithic, followed by major migration(s) of Neolithic agriculturalists into the Plateau from the modern‐day northwestern China, eventually leading to the establishment of agriculture and pastoralism on the Plateau, which provided a sufficient and stable food supply necessary for the rapid population growth that occurred on the Plateau around 10–7 ka during the early Neolithic. Key Concepts: The Tibetan Plateau represents one of the most extreme environments for human settlement due to its severe hypoxia at high altitude, making it an ideal ‘natural laboratory’ for studying molecular mechanism of human adaptation to high‐altitude hypoxia. Modern Tibetans possess superior physiological adaptations to hypoxia at high altitudes, likely due to a long history of colonisation of the Tibetan Plateau by their ancestral populations. Researchers are divided on whether modern humans successfully settled on the Plateau during the Upper Palaeolithic and survived the harsh conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 22–18 ka), with sceptics arguing that Tibetans likely descended from postglacial immigrants that settled on the Plateau following the end of the LGM. Recent application of phylogeographic analysis of Y chromosome and mtDNA lineages of modern human populations have proven to be powerful tools in inferring the demographic history of human populations, though there can be marked differences in the resulting models due to different samples and markers. Genetic evidence supports the hypothesis of permanent colonisation of Tibetan Plateau approximately 30 ka in the early Upper Palaeolithic, with some portions of the population surviving the LGM and mixing with the later Neolithic immigrants, who introduced agriculture and pastoralism, which allowed for the rapid population expansion approximately 10–7 ka in the early Neolithic. Both the Upper Palaeolithic autochthons and Neolithic agriculturalists significantly contributed to the observed genetic diversity and adaptation of present‐day Tibetan populations inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau. Recent genetic findings provide novel insights into the prehistoric colonisation and human migration on the Tibetan Plateau, which may have implications to several different fields of study, as well as to genetic researchers in terms of subject selection for studies of genetic adaptation to high‐altitude hypoxia in Tibetan populations as well as others.

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Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

Cited by 220 publications

References 37 publications

Transcriptome profiling reveals mosaic genomic origins of modern cultivated barley

Transcriptome profiling reveals mosaic genomic origins of modern cultivated barley

The draft genome of Tibetan hulless barley reveals adaptive patterns to the high stressful Tibetan Plateau

Prehistoric Colonization and Demographic History of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau

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