Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensors with High Selectivity for NH3 Detection at Room Temperature

Wu, Meng; He, Meng; Hu, Qianku; Wu, Qinghua; Sun, Guangai; Xie, Lei; Zhang, Zhanying; Zhu, Zhigang; Zhou, Aiguo

doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b01308

Cited by 374 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Recently, MXenes are considered as new chemiresistive materials with 2D structures, which are generally prepared by the exfoliation from "MAX" phase (M: Sc, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, or Mo, A: Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Bi, S, or Te; and X: C or N). [518][519][520] To date, Ti 3 C 2 T x , [521][522][523][524][525][526][527] [528] [529] and TiCO 2 have been explored to detect NH 3 , [521][522][523][524][525][526]530] C 2 H 5 OH, [523] CH 3 OH, [523] NO 2 , [527] H 2 , [528] and acetone. [529] Similar to other 2D chemiresistors such as graphenes, rGOs, and TMDs, the MXene-based sensor also offers operation at low temperature [521][522][523][524][525][526][527][528][529][530] and flexible design.…”

Section: D Early-transition Metal Carbides and Nitridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Semiconductor‐Based Chemiresistors and their Libraries for Next‐Generation Artificial Olfaction

2020

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With rapid progress in device integration and computing power, the realization of highly miniaturized one-chip artificial olfaction with superior performance is close and should be further supported by the rational design of chemical sensors and chemical sensing materials. The number of gas sensors tends to increase in order to sniff more complex odors with the progress of civilization. This explains the evolution from a single chemical sensor to complicated artificial olfaction using sensor arrays. At the advent of oxide chemiresistive gas sensors in the 1960s and 1970s, a single gas sensor was widely used to detect toxic, explosive, dangerous, and harmful gases, such as CO, C 3 H 8 , CH 4 , H 2 S, and NO 2 , in a selective manner. [26,27] However, a single sensor is often insufficient for recognizing most of the natural odors encountered in daily life, which consist of hundreds to thousands of different chemicals. [28] In the mammalian olfactory system, odorants are initially detected by olfactory receptors (ORs) covering the surface of the cilia projected from olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), which are located in the olfactory epithelium lining the nasal cavity. These signals are transmitted to the glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, where a high degree of signal integration happens (Figure 1a). [29] Finally, the signals are sent through mitral cells to a higher brain region (olfactory cortex), and the signals are subsequently combined or modified in a variety of ways by parallel processing for analysis and interpretation (Figure 1b). [30] Each OR can detect various kinds of odorants, and similarly, each odorant can also be recognized by a number of ORs. That is, the olfactory system determines multiple odorants from various combinations of ORs (Figure 1c). [31] For better olfaction, both OSNs and ORs should be abundant. A larger number of OSNs is advantageous for detecting trace concentrations of analytes and ligands. [32] For instance, dogs with more OSNs are better than humans at detecting explosives, searching and rescuing, diagnosing disease, and assessing agricultural products. [33] If a mammal can detect larger numbers of faint gas components within odors, he can perceive and identify the odors more accurately. From this perspective, gas sensors with lower detection limits would be assembled to the stronger artificial olfaction. Kinds of ORs are also important. Mammals are known to have ≈1000 different kinds of ORs, and combinations of dissimilar ORs enable the discrimination of a myriad of odorants. [29] To mimic this, sensor arrays consisting of small number (5-20) of sensors that show Artificial olfaction based on gas sensor arrays aims to substitute for, support, and surpass human olfaction. Like mammalian olfaction, a larger number of sensors and more signal processing are crucial for strengthening artificial olfaction. Due to rapid progress in computing capabilities and machinelearning algorithms, on-demand high-performance artificial olfaction that can eclipse human olfaction becomes inevitable onc...

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Section: D Early-transition Metal Carbides and Nitridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Semiconductor‐Based Chemiresistors and their Libraries for Next‐Generation Artificial Olfaction

2020

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“…Due to the colloidal stability, higher number of surface sites, and layered structure that facilitates intercalation, we hypothesized that Ti3C2Tx Mxene solution would achieve higher adsorption capacity compared to prevalent carbon electrode materials in flow electrode CDI systems. Our hypothesis was supported by the high affinity of NH3 gas on Ti3C2Tx Mxene as shown in gas sensor studies [33]. In addition, Ti3C2Tx Mxenes had shown excellent ion storage capacity in pseudocapacitor application studies [34].…”

Section: Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 56%

“…(Ct -0.153 e) between NH3 and Ti3C2Tx, hence solidifying the hypothesis that the high adsorption capacity is a consequence of chemisorption [33]. Further work is required to understand the kinetics of ammonia adsorption on Ti3C2Tx MXenes.…”

Section: Flow Electrode Slurry Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…High response current reduces overlap effect and causes an increase in the rate of ion transfer, which positively impacts the capacitance behavior and deionization capacity [90]. First principle calculations on adsorption behaviors have revealed that NH3 has a very small (more negative) adsorption energy (Eads) of -0.078 eV/atom, which results in strong interactions with Ti3C2Tx MXenes [33]. The calculations also show high charge transfer…”

Section: Flow Electrode Slurry Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MXenes as Flow Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization of Wastewater

Mansoor¹

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The energy-water nexus poses an integrated research challenge, while opening up an opportunity space for the development of energy efficient technologies for water remediation. Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is an upcoming reclamation technology that uses a small applied voltage applied across electrodes to electrophoretically remove dissolved ionic impurities from wastewater streams. Similar to a supercapacitor, the ions are stored in the electric double layer of the electrodes. Reversing the polarity of applied voltage enables recovery of the removed ionic impurities, allowing for recycling and reuse. Simultaneous materials recovery and water reclamation makes CDI energy efficient and resource conservative, with potential to scale it up for industrial applications. The efficiency of the technology depends on the architectural design of the CDI cell, control of operating conditions, and the nature of the electrodes used. In this project we report on the performance of Ti3C2Tx MXenes flow electrodes in a CDI cell design. MXenes are a novel class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides with the general formula Mn+1XnTx where M is an early transition metal, X is carbon and/or nitrogen, Tx represents the surface terminations. Ti3C2Tx MXenes synthesized at Boise State, were employed as a flow electrode solution in an established CDI cell for targeted and selective ion removal. Performance metrics of achieved adsorption capacity, ion removal efficiency, regeneration efficiency, energy consumption, and charge efficiency, exceed those of currently prevalent electrode systems. In addition, rheological properties of the Ti3C2Tx MXenes colloidal solution were evaluated. This work establishes the deionization performance of Ti3C2Tx MXene based flow electrodes while providing further insight towards understanding the effect of structure and surface functionalization on the resultant deionization efficiency.

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“…In general, MXenes are made from carbide MAX phases (e.g. Ti 3 AlC 2 ) [4] or carbonitride MAX phases (e.g. Ti 3 AlCN) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on ‘Multilayered Stable 2D Nano-Sheets of Ti2NTx MXene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity’

Guo¹,

Hu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A recent article entitled “Multilayered stable 2D nano-sheets of Ti2NTx MXene: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity” published in this journal, claimed that two-dimensional Ti2NTx MXene could be synthesized by selectively etching Ti2AlN in concentrated hydrofluoric acid at room temperature. However, the X-ray diffraction pattern of Ti2NTx MXene reported in that paper is completely different with those of other MXenes. In this comment, it is argued that the samples synthesized in that paper were NOT Ti2NTx MXene at all. Although carbide MXenes can be made by selectively etching A layers from MAX phase, it is very difficult or impossible to make nitride MXenes (Ti2NTx) by the same way.

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Ti₃C₂ MXene-Based Sensors with High Selectivity for NH₃ Detection at Room Temperature

Cited by 374 publications

References 53 publications

Rational Design of Semiconductor‐Based Chemiresistors and their Libraries for Next‐Generation Artificial Olfaction

Rational Design of Semiconductor‐Based Chemiresistors and their Libraries for Next‐Generation Artificial Olfaction

MXenes as Flow Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization of Wastewater

Comment on ‘Multilayered Stable 2D Nano-Sheets of Ti2NTx MXene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity’

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