Thyroid gland function during childhood and adolescence

Parra, Alberto Tlacuilo; Villalpando, Salvador; Junco, E.; Urquieta, B.; Alatorre, S.; García-Bulnes, G

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0930306

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study expands our previous observations in relation to other hormonal (Parra et al 1980a) and non-hormonal parameters in the same population.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

The relationship of plasma gonadotrophins and androgen concentrations to body growth in boys

Parra

Cervantes

Sánchez

et al. 1981

Acta Endocrinologica

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Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17 alphahydroxyprogesterone (17\g=a\-OPH),androstenedione (\ g=D\ 4) and testosterone (T) were measured in 543 healthy boys aged 6.0 to 15.9 years (with weight and height between the 3rd and 97th percentile for Mexican standards) as a function of chronologic age (CA), weight, height, surface area (SA) and calculated lean body mass (LBM) and total body fat (TBF).The earliest hormonal event was a clear rise in plasma 17\g=a\-OHP, either prior or simultaneously to at steady increase in plasma FSH, far ahead of any sign of puberty. These changes were closely followed by a continuous rise in plasma \ g=D\ 4. Thereafter, there was a prolonged period of low but progressively increasing plasma FSH levels in the face of constantly low LH levels. However, a brisk rise in plasma LH and FSH occurred at a mean weight of 35.4 kg, at a height of 144.5 cm and when LBM was 32.0 kg. Simultaneously, plasma 17\g=a\-OHP began to fall, \ g=D\ 4 reached a plateau and soon after, a marked rise in plasma T was documented. When plasma LH and FSH concentrations were plotted against CA, weight, height, SA and LBM a significant quadratic equation was disclosed in each case. Both gonadotrophins did not correlate with TBF. Multiple variance analysis demonstrated that LBM and SA had the most marked effect on LH, while LBM was the most important variable affecting plasma FSH concentrations. The present data suggest the association between a "critical level" of body composition and the major hormonal events in boys, regardless of a causeeffect relationship. A critical level of LBM (20\p=n-\23 kg) and not of TBF was attained at time of the initial hormonal changes, as well as at the time of the major changes in plasma gonadotrophins (32\p=n-\35 kg).

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“…This study expands our previous observations in relation to other hormonal (Parra et al 1980a) and non-hormonal parameters in the same population.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

The relationship of plasma gonadotrophins and androgen concentrations to body growth in boys

Parra

Cervantes

Sánchez

et al. 1981

Acta Endocrinologica

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“…Hypothyroidism in children is usually associated with retarded sexual maturation (22)(23)(24) although this relationship is complicated since, in some instances, hypothyroidism is associated with macro-orchidism, but without any outward signs of virilization (24). While there is general agreement that circulating levels of thyroid hormones decline throughout adolescence (25,26), the relationship between thyroid status and pubertal development is not clear. Corcoran and colleagues (27) reported that there was a peripubertal nadir in circulating levels of thyroid hormones in children, although it occurred 2 years later in boys than in girls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin and thyroxine during sexual development in male monkeys: effect of neonatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist treatment and delayed puberty on the developmental pattern of leptin and thyroxine secretion

Mann

Akinbami²,

Gould³

et al. 2002

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Neonatal treatment of male monkeys with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (Ant) increased the incidence of delayed puberty. Using blood samples that had been collected from monkeys with normal or delayed puberty, we assessed the potential involvement of leptin and thyroxine (T4) in sexual development. Design and Methods: Monkeys were treated from birth until 4 months of age with vehicle, Ant or Ant/androgen and blood samples were drawn from 10 to 62 months of age. Results: Serum leptin and total T4 concentrations declined in parallel throughout adolescence in all treatment groups. There was no transient rise in leptin before or in association with the onset of puberty. Also, leptin did not differ during the peripubertal period between animals experiencing puberty at that time versus those in which puberty was being delayed. Neonates treated with Ant either alone or with androgen replacement had higher leptin levels than controls throughout development. While leptin exhibited no significant changes during the peripubertal period, T4 values increased and declined in parallel with the peripubertal changes in hypothalamicpituitary -testicular activity. Conclusions: These data do not support the concept that a transient rise in leptin triggers the onset of puberty in male monkeys. However, the disruption of neonatal activity of the pituitary -testicular axis alters the developmental pattern of leptin. The changes in T4 levels during the peripubertal period suggest that thyroid status may be a significant contributor to the process of sexual development in the male monkey and that peripubertal changes in secretion of this hormone may serve as an effective physiological response during a critical period of elevated energy expenditure.

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“…The high incidence of abnormally elevated T3 serum concentrations in 27 children (22 boys and 5 girls) with positive thyroid antibodies and no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, was the most striking finding, especially considering that the group with negative antibodies never showed such abnormality (Parra et al 1980). This would suggest that some patients with positive anti-thyroid anti¬ bodies already have thyroid dysfunction of variable degree, whose future evolution cannot be pre¬ dicted at this age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The anti-thyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were detected by the tanned red cells haemagglutination technique (Fulthorpe & Raitt 1961). The validation analysis for each assay was carried out in our laboratories and has been previously published (Parra et al 1980). Of the original group of 520 children, 385 had negative thyroid antibodies and were used as a control group (Parra et al 1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The validation analysis for each assay was carried out in our laboratories and has been previously published (Parra et al 1980). Of the original group of 520 children, 385 had negative thyroid antibodies and were used as a control group (Parra et al 1980). The other 135 children (58 boys and 77 girls) had positive thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroglobulin and/or anti-microsomal) >1:16 and formed the group here reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in serum thyroid hormones in euthyroid children with circulating anti-thyroid antibodies

Villalpando

Cisneros

García-Bulnes

et al. 1982

Acta Endocrinologica

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Anti-thyroid antibodies are frequently found in otherwise normal populations (4.5\p=n-\25.8%);however, there is scanty information about thyroid function status in affected individuals. In this report, the serum concentrations of TSH, T3, T4, rT3 and TBG and the titre of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies (haemagglutination technique) were studied in 520 healthy school children (260 boys and 260 girls) aged 6.0\p=n-\17.9 years. Titres equal or greater than 1:16 of one or both antibodies were detected in 58 boys and in 77 girls (in 33 boys and in 24 girls with, and in 25 boys and 43 girls without, associated abnormalities in the serum concentrations of one or several hormones). The age distribution of thyroid antibodies followed a trimodal pattern with peaks at 7, 11 and 16\p=n-\17 years in both sexes. The most striking finding was an abnormally elevated T3 concentration in 22 boys and 5 girls with positive antibodies, with no symptoms of thyroid dysfunction and with no clear relationship with simultaneous abnormalities in TSH, T4 or rT3; however, in 5 boys the TBG serum levels were increased. Serum from these patients was incubated with [125I]T3 before free radioactivity was precipitated with dextran-coated charcoal and the aliquots were analyzed by paper electrophoresis. Serum samples with high T3 levels bound significantly more radioactivity than normal or T3-free serum (P < 0.001) and an abnormal peak of radioactivity was present in the gamma globulin fraction, in the former but not in the latter two types of sera. The presence of high serum T3 levels in the absence of clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism was probably due to sequestration of T3 by the anti-thyroglobulin antibody, which may have cross-reactivity with T3 and T4, as has previously been demonstrated both in animals and humans.

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Thyroid gland function during childhood and adolescence

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

The relationship of plasma gonadotrophins and androgen concentrations to body growth in boys

The relationship of plasma gonadotrophins and androgen concentrations to body growth in boys

Leptin and thyroxine during sexual development in male monkeys: effect of neonatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist treatment and delayed puberty on the developmental pattern of leptin and thyroxine secretion

Alterations in serum thyroid hormones in euthyroid children with circulating anti-thyroid antibodies

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