Thyroid Dysfunction and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: We Need New Larger and Well-Designed Longitudinal Studies

Mantovani, Alessandro; Grani, Giorgio

doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5075-7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Notably, thyroxine-binding globulin is negatively correlated with Child-Pugh score [9,11]. The decrease of thyroid hormone level aggravates liver inflammation and fibrosis by regulating liver lipid metabolism, which further leads to liver injury [21]. More than 99% of thyroid hormones in the plasma bind to thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA), and albumin (Alb).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Insomnia Are Closely Associated with Thyroid Hormone Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Med Sci Monit

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Background Depression and insomnia in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients affect the quality of life, disease diagnosis, and mortality. CHB patients are more likely to have psychological disorders, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. This study investigated the incidence of depression in patients with CHB and sought to identify risk factors for depression and insomnia in these patients, focusing on changes in liver function and thyroid hormone levels. Material/Methods This cross-sectional cohort study used the Hamilton Depression Scale and Athens Insomnia Scale to assess the depressive and insomnia states, respectively, of 209 CHB patients. Liver function, thyroid hormone levels, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e-antigen, and hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid load were evaluated. Liver cirrhosis was assessed by imaging (color Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation among various factors and depression and insomnia. Results Subclinical and clinical depressive states were found in 23.9% and 5.3% and subclinical and clinical insomnia in 11% and 35.4% of patients, respectively. Depression and insomnia severity were significantly correlated with low FT3 (<3.5 mol/L). The odds ratios of low FT3 for subclinical and clinical depression and clinical insomnia were 3.07 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.248–7.568), 7.85 (95% CI, 1.839–33.547), and 3.91 (95% CI, 1.417–10.789), respectively. Conclusions CHB patients are prone to depression and insomnia. FT3 reduction may be a risk factor for depression and insomnia. In clinical settings, more attention needs to be paid to the mental state of patients with FT3 reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Insomnia Are Closely Associated with Thyroid Hormone Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Med Sci Monit

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Section: Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale for investigating the association between hypothyroidism and NAFLD is based on two lines of evidence: firstly, the physiologic capacity of thyroid hormones to contrast the development of some features of the metabolic syndrome and, secondly, their direct effects on the liver [48,49,50,51,52]. However, the identification of NAFLD in a given patient with hypothyroidism does not necessarily imply that hypothyroidism is the cause of NAFLD in that specific patient [52]. On these grounds, it can be argued that not all observational studies and meta-analyses published so far clearly demonstrated a causal association between primary (subclinical and overt) hypothyroidism and risk of developing NAFLD, independent of coexisting cardio-metabolic risk factors (Table 1 [53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80]).…”

Section: Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

NAFLD in Some Common Endocrine Diseases: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Principles of Diagnosis and Management

Lonardo

Mantovani

Lugari

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Secondary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines those complex pathophysiological and clinical consequences that ensue when the liver becomes an ectopic site of lipid storage owing to reasons other than its mutual association with the metabolic syndrome. Disorders affecting gonadal hormones, thyroid hormones, or growth hormones (GH) may cause secondary forms of NAFLD, which exhibit specific pathophysiologic features and, in theory, the possibility to receive an effective treatment. Here, we critically discuss epidemiological and pathophysiological features, as well as principles of diagnosis and management of some common endocrine diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and GH deficiency. Collectively, these forms of NAFLD secondary to specific endocrine derangements may be envisaged as a naturally occurring disease model of NAFLD in humans. Improved understanding of such endocrine secondary forms of NAFLD promises to disclose novel clinical associations and innovative therapeutic approaches, which may potentially be applied also to selected cases of primary NAFLD.

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Prevalence and risk factor analysis for the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Zhou

Wang

Wang³

et al. 2021

Medicine

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Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the diagnosis of NAFLD for T2DM patients remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for the NAFLD in T2DM outpatients. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study that included 2405 T2DM patients treated and admitted for glucose control into the Endocrinology Department of our hospital from April 2017 to March 2019. Using strict exclusion criteria, the target patients were screened and divided into two groups: NAFLD patients (study group) and non-NAFLD patients (control group). Subsequently, 34 factors were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of the NAFLD risk factors was performed using logistic regression. Finally, the diagnostic significance of individual biochemical predictors, as well as the combined predictive indicator (CPI), for NAFLD was estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In this study, the overall prevalence of NAFLD in T2DM patients was 58.67%. Of the target patients, 17 factors were identified by univariate analysis to be associated with NAFLD, and 8 factors were found to be significant predictors for NAFLD using binary logistic regression modeling. Furthermore, the CPI and C-Peptide represent high diagnostic value for NAFLD in T2DM patients. This study provides a more comprehensive risk factor analysis for NAFLD in T2DM patients. These data can be used to provide timely diagnosis and effective management of NAFLD.

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Thyroid Dysfunction and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: We Need New Larger and Well-Designed Longitudinal Studies

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Depression and Insomnia Are Closely Associated with Thyroid Hormone Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B

Depression and Insomnia Are Closely Associated with Thyroid Hormone Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B

NAFLD in Some Common Endocrine Diseases: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Principles of Diagnosis and Management

Prevalence and risk factor analysis for the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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