Thymosin β4 promotes the migration of endothelial cells without intracellular Ca2+ elevation

Thymosin β4 is rapidly internalized by cells and does not induce intracellular Ca2+ elevation

“…2, for additional details, see Ref. 48). A similar calcium mobilization response was observed when the HUVECs were treated with thrombin reacting with a Gq protein-coupled receptor ( Fig.…”

“…47 Recently, we carefully looked at the intracellular calcium influx in several cells. 48 In the course of our studies, we used two fluorescent probes, Fluo-4 NW and Fura-2AM, to monitor the Ca 2+ signals in endothelial cells, EA.hy 926 and HT29 cells. Two potential activation pathways were considered: the release of Ca 2+ by T␤4-generated secondary messengers or due to the direct action of T␤4 on the membrane [Ca 2+ ] i store.…”

“…2, for additional details, see Ref. 48). In contrast, HUVECs treated with 200 nM T␤4 or its mutants (T␤4 KLKKTET/7A , T␤4 AcSDKPT/4A ) did not show any intracellular Ca 2+ elevation, thus indicating that the Ca 2+ influx was not induced by these peptides (Fig.…”

“…2, for additional details, see Ref. 48). There was no visible effect even when higher concentrations of T␤4, up to 1 M, were used.…”

Expression of thymosin beta-4 in human periodontal ligament cells and mouse periodontal tissue and its role in osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation

“…The other way, too much amount of Tβ4 can inhibit F-actin formation. Many studies reported that Tβ4 stimulates cell migration (Selmi et al, 2012;Xiao et al, 2014). It is also possible that Tβ4 inhibits or stimulates new F-actin formation under various condition including different cell type and micro-environment.…”