Thrombosis-Inducing Activity in Plasma of Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Disappears after Treatment

Ogata, Kenichi; Yagawa, Katsuro; Hayashi, Shinichiro; Ogino, Hiromi; Miyagawa, Yosuke; Miyazaki, Masaru; Ichinose, Yukito; Kinoshita, Toshihiko

doi:10.1159/000195922

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…44, 45 Fortunately, vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae , type B, Neisseria meningitidis , and Streptococcus pneumonia are now widely available, and we observed only four AIS cases with preceding bacterial meningitis. Minor infections, however, remain common among children, and have been linked to AIS in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Hills¹,

Johnston²,

Sidney³

et al. 2012

Annals of Neurology

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Objective Trauma and acute infection have been associated with stroke in adults, and are prevalent exposures in children. We hypothesized that these environmental factors are independently associated with childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods In a case-control study nested within a cohort of 2.5 million children (≤ 19 years old) enrolled in an integrated health care plan (1993–2007), childhood AIS cases (n=126) were identified from electronic records and confirmed through chart review. Age- and facility-matched controls (n=378) were randomly selected from the cohort. Exposures were determined from review of medical records prior to the stroke diagnosis, or the same date for the paired controls; time windows were defined a priori. Results A medical encounter for head or neck trauma within the prior 12 weeks was an independent risk factor for childhood AIS (odds ratio [OR] 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9, 19.3), present in 12% of cases (1.6% of controls). Median time from trauma to stroke was 0.5 days (interquartile range 0, 2 days); post-hoc redefinition of trauma exposure (prior 1 week) was more strongly associated with AIS: OR 39 (95% CI 5.1, 298). A medical encounter for a minor acute infection (prior 4 weeks) was also an independent risk factor (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.6, 8.2), present in 33% of cases (13% of controls). No single infection type predominated. Only two cases had exposure to trauma and infection. Interpretation Trauma and acute infection are common independent risk factors for childhood AIS, and may be targets for stroke prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Hills¹,

Johnston²,

Sidney³

et al. 2012

Annals of Neurology

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“…185 Not only septicemia but also milder infections are accompanied by a measurable activation of coagulation. 186,187 Infection as an additional trigger factor could increase the prothrombotic state in atrial fibrillation and other sources of cardioembolism and finally lead to thrombosis and embolism. This underscores the concept that inflammatory mechanisms are important not only in stroke due to large-artery atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Acute Infection and Stroke Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and Infections as Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke

Lindsberg

Grau

2003

Stroke

458

312

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Background-Inflammatory processes have fundamental roles in stroke in both the etiology of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. We summarize clinical data on infection and inflammation as risk or trigger factors for human stroke and investigate current evidence for the hypothesis of a functional interrelation between traditional risk factors, genetic predisposition, and infection/inflammation in stroke pathogenesis. Summary of Review-Several traditional vascular risk factors are associated with proinflammatory alterations, including leukocyte activation, and predispose cerebral vasculature to thrombogenesis on inflammatory stimulation. Furthermore, accumulation of inflammatory cells, mainly monocytes/macrophages, within the vascular wall starts early during atherogenesis. During later disease stages, their activation can lead to plaque rupture and thrombus formation, increasing stroke risk. Inflammatory markers (eg, leukocytes, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein) are independent predictors of ischemic stroke. Chronic infections (eg, infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae or Helicobacter pylori) were found to increase the risk of stroke; however, study results are at variance, residual confounding is not excluded, and causality is not established at present. In case-control studies, acute infection within the preceding week was a trigger factor for ischemic stroke. Acute and exacerbating chronic infection may act by activating coagulation and chronic infections and may contribute to atherogenesis. Genetic predisposition of the inflammatory host response may be an important codeterminant for atherogenesis and stroke risk. Conclusions-Inflammation contributes to stroke risk via various interrelated mechanisms. Infectious diseases, traditional risk factors, and genetic susceptibility may cooperate in stimulating inflammatory pathways. Final proof of a causal role of infectious/inflammatory mechanisms in stroke pathogenesis is still lacking and will require interventional studies.

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“…Major infections, such as bacterial meningitis and sepsis, have long been considered etiologies of childhood AIS: meningitis can cause a vasculitis of the circle of Willis,43 and sepsis can lead to embolic strokes due to systemic thrombosis or endocarditis 44, 45. Fortunately, vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae , type B, Neisseria meningitidis , and Streptococcus pneumonia are now widely available, and we observed only 4 AIS cases with preceding bacterial meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylic acid/dexy 85 and polyacrylic acid/gum arabic adducts

Abo‐Shosha¹,

Ibrahim²,

Allam³

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyacrylic acid/gum arabic or polyacrylic acid/dextrin (PAA/GA or PAA/D) adducts were prepared by free radical polymerization of highly concentrated, partially neutralized AA using Na 2 S 2 O 8 /Na 2 S 2 O 3 redox system in the presence of GA or D. Optimum reaction conditions, viz., AA, 6.76 mol/L; Na 2 S 2 O 3 , 26.87 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mol/L; Na 2 S 2 O 8 , 34.9 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mol/L; degree of neutralization, 20%; temperature, 90°C; and time 30 min, were utilized in preparing two adducts of each substrate (GA or D) at two liquor ratios (LRs; 1.25/1 and 6.3/1 L/K). The four adducts formed, viz., PAA/GA 1 , PAA/GA 2, PAA/D 1 , and PAA/D 2 (where 1 and 2 refer to the low and high LR, respectively) were found to be water soluble at all proportions. IR spectrum of these adducts confirmed the introduction of the COOH group onto their structures. Rheological properties of 7% aqueous solutions of these adducts, including Na-alginate (Alg), showed that all are characterized by a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning, thixotropic behavior. Within the range of shear rate studied, the apparent viscosities of these solutions followed the descending order: PAA/D 2 Ͼ PAA/D 1 Ͼ Alg Ͼ GA 1 ϭ PAA/GA 2 . Completing neutralization (Na form) of adducts to 100% results in a remarkable enhancement of their apparent viscosities, so that they follow the descending order, depending on the shear rate:At 2 s Ϫ1 shear rate:PAA/D 2 Ͼ PAA/D 1

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Thrombosis-Inducing Activity in Plasma of Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Disappears after Treatment

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Inflammation and Infections as Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke

Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylic acid/dexy 85 and polyacrylic acid/gum arabic adducts

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