Threonine requirements for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the fry stage are similar

Bodin, Noelie; Mambrini, Muriel; Wauters, Jean-Baptiste; Abboudi, Tarik; Ooghe, Wilfried; Boulengé, Éric Le; Larondelle, Yvan; Xavier, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.031

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…. Similarly, Bodin et al (2008) observed that the graded levels of dietary threonine reduced whole body lysine, cystine, alanine and proline and increased whole body histidine, methionine and threonine. .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Dietary threonine requirement to optimize protein retention and fillet production of fast-growing Nile tilapia

et al. 2015

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Threonine is the third-limiting essential amino acid in diets based on cereal ingredients. A 4-week trial was conducted to determine the threonine requirement of large Nile tilapia based on fish growth, feed efficiency, body composition, protein and amino acid retention. Six hundred fish (563.3 AE 15.1 g) were distributed into twenty 1.2-m 3 cages. Five diets containing 288 g kg À1 of crude protein, 12.7 MJ kg À1 of digestible energy and 8.9, 10.5, 12.2, 13.7 and 15.4 g kg À1 of threonine were elaborated. Fish were hand-fed five times a day to extruded diets. Significantly, differences in growth performance and amino acids retention among the treatments were observed. Fish fed 10.5 g kg À1 of threonine showed higher daily weight gain, gutted weight and fillet weight (P < 0.05) compared to fish fed with other experimental diets. Diets containing 8.9-15.4 g kg À1 of threonine did not affect whole body and muscle proximate composition. Based on second-order regression analysis, the dietary threonine requirement estimated based on final gain, fillet weight and fillet yield was 12, 12.1 and 11.5 g kg À1 diet, respectively. The dietary threonine requirement for maximum fillet yield of Nile tilapia was estimated to be 11.5 g kg À1 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…. . salmon, Salmo salar (Bodin et al 2008) and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Bodin et al 2008). .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary threonine requirement to optimize protein retention and fillet production of fast-growing Nile tilapia

et al. 2015

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“…This becomes particularly important in nutritional studies with salmonids as they can have different dietary requirements compared to other teleosts and throughout various life cycles (Bodin et al 2008;Grisdale-Helland et al 2011;Handeland et al 2008), consume a largely carnivorous diet, and can undergo periods of food deprivation in both the wild and in an aquaculture setting (Johnsson and Bohlin 2006).…”

Section: Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Shortage Causes Differential Effects on Body Composition and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Salmon Modified for Increased Growth Hormone Production

Abernathy¹,

Panserat²,

Welker³

et al. 2015

Mar Biotechnol

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Growth hormone (GH) transgenic salmon possesses markedly increased metabolic rate, appetite, and feed conversion efficiency, as well as an increased ability to compete for food resources. Thus, the ability of GH-transgenic fish to withstand periods of food deprivation as occurs in nature is potentially different than that of nontransgenic fish. However, the physiological and genetic effects of transgenic GH production over long periods of food deprivation remain largely unknown. Here, GH-transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and nontransgenic, wild-type coho salmon were subjected to a 3-month food deprivation trial, during which time performance characteristics related to growth were measured along with proximate compositions. To examine potential genetic effects of GH-transgenesis on long-term food deprivation, a group of genes related to muscle development and liver metabolism was selected for quantitative PCR analysis. Results showed that GH-transgenic fish lose weight at an increased rate compared to wild-type even though proximate compositions remained relatively similar between the groups. A total of nine genes related to muscle physiology (cathepsin, cee, insulin-like growth factor, myostatin, murf-1, myosin, myogenin, proteasome delta, tumor necrosis factor) and five genes related to liver metabolism (carnitine palmitoyltransferase, fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase) were shown to be differentially regulated between GH-transgenic and wild-type coho salmon over time. These genetic and physiological responses assist in identifying differences between GH-transgenic and wild-type salmon in relation to fitness effects arising from elevated growth hormone during periods of long-term food shortage.

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“…Threonine (Thr) is an essential amino acid (EAA) for fish [9]. Additionally, Thr is assumed to be one of the most common limiting amino acids in some practical diets for fish, which have high levels of plant proteins instead of fishmeal [10]. Accordingly, Thr is a vital dietary component for fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threonine Affects Intestinal Function, Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression of TOR in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Feng

Yan

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of threonine (Thr) on the digestive and absorptive ability, proliferation and differentiation of enterocytes, and gene expression of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). First, seven isonitrogenous diets containing graded levels of Thr (7.4–25.2 g/kg diet) were fed to the fishes for 60 days. Second, enterocyte proliferation and differentiation were assayed by culturing enterocytes with graded levels of Thr (0–275 mg/l) in vitro. Finally, enterocytes were cultured with 0 and 205 mg/l Thr to determine protein synthesis. The percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, protein retention value, activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase, weights and protein contents of hepatopancreas and intestine, folds heights, activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ- glutamyl transpeptidase and Na+/K+-ATPase in all intestinal segments, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in hepatopancreas, and 4E-BP2 gene expression in muscle, hepatopancreas and intestinal segments were significantly enhanced by Thr (p<0.05). However, the plasma ammonia concentration and TOR gene expression decreased (p<0.05). In vitro, Thr supplement significantly increased cell numbers, protein content, the activities of GOT, GPT, AKP and Na+/K+-ATPase, and protein synthesis rate of enterocytes, and decreased LDH activity and ammonia content in cell medium (p<0.05). In conclusion, Thr improved growth, digestive and absorptive capacity, enterocyte proliferation and differentiation, and protein synthesis and regulated TOR and 4E-BP2 gene expression in juvenile Jian carp. The dietary Thr requirement of juvenile Jian carp was 16.25 g/kg diet (51.3 g/kg protein) based on quadratic regression analysis of PWG.

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Threonine requirements for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the fry stage are similar

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Dietary threonine requirement to optimize protein retention and fillet production of fast-growing Nile tilapia

Dietary threonine requirement to optimize protein retention and fillet production of fast-growing Nile tilapia

Food Shortage Causes Differential Effects on Body Composition and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Salmon Modified for Increased Growth Hormone Production

Threonine Affects Intestinal Function, Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression of TOR in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

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