Three-year screening for cold hardiness of garden roses

Ouyang, Lin; Leus, Leen; Labeke, Marie-Christine Van

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.003

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…C In the Lim approach, data are stretched between 0 and 100% damage, usually at the warmest and coldest temperature treatments, respectively. D Use of a liquid nitrogen control is expected to elevate all leakage values, making, for instance, an Anderson curve behave more like a Lim curve ("Absolute" and "Relative" 50% values similar), and improving generalizability among approaches at 120/121 ℃ is typical (e.g., [9,20,30]), some [31][32][33][34] report using temperatures lower than the boiling point of water to heat kill samples. Yet Deans et al [16] find that even temperatures above 100 ℃ (they compare 105 vs. 121 ℃) vary in their capacity to induce electrolyte leakage.…”

Section: What Is the Best Way To Standardize Measurements Of Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the temperature at which samples are boiled or heated and/or the time during which this temperature is reached are frequently not specified ([ 10 , 12 , 17 , 27 – 29 ], among others). And though autoclaving at 120/121 ℃ is typical (e.g., [ 9 , 20 , 30 ]), some [ 31 – 34 ] report using temperatures lower than the boiling point of water to heat kill samples. Yet Deans et al [ 16 ] find that even temperatures above 100 ℃ (they compare 105 vs. 121 ℃) vary in their capacity to induce electrolyte leakage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Kovaleski

Grossman

2021

Plant Methods

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Background A variety of basic and applied research programs in plant biology require the accurate and reliable determination of plant tissue cold hardiness. Over the past 50 years, the electrolyte leakage method has emerged as a popular and practical method for quantifying the amount of damage inflicted on plant tissue by exposure to freezing temperatures. Numerous approaches for carrying out this method and analyzing the resultant data have emerged. These include multiple systems for standardizing and modeling raw electrolyte leakage data and multiple protocols for boiling or autoclaving samples in order to maximize leakage as a positive control. We compare four different routines for standardization of leakage data and assess a novel control method—immersion in liquid nitrogen in lieu of traditional autoclaving—and apply them to woody twigs collected from 12 maple (Acer) species in early spring. We compare leakage data from these samples using each of four previously published forms of data analysis and autoclaving vs. liquid nitrogen controls and validate each of these approaches against visual estimates of freezing damage and differential thermal analysis. Results Through presentation of our own data and re-analysis of previously published findings, we show that standardization of raw data against estimates of both minimum and maximum attainable freezing damage allows for reliable estimation of cold hardiness at the species level and across studies in diverse systems. Furthermore, use of our novel liquid nitrogen control produces data commensurate across studies and enhances the consistency and realism of the electrolyte leakage method, especially for very cold hardy samples. Conclusion Future leakage studies that relativize data against minimum and maximum leakage and that employ our updated liquid nitrogen control will contribute generalizable, repeatable, and realistic data to the existing body of cold hardiness research in woody plants. Data from studies conducted using a liquid nitrogen (and not an autoclaving) control can still be compared to previously published data, especially when raw data are standardized using the best-performing approach among those we assessed. Electrolyte leakage of woody twigs emerges as a useful technique for quickly assessing the probability of tissue death in response to freezing in dormant plants. Differential thermal analysis may provide different and complementary information on cold hardiness.

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Section: What Is the Best Way To Standardize Measurements Of Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Kovaleski

Grossman

2021

Plant Methods

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“…Stem segments were placed in a cryostat (Polystat 37, Fisher Scientific, Merelbeke, Belgium) from 0 • C to seven target temperatures (−5, −10, −15, −20, −25, −30, −35, and −80 • C) at a cooling rate of 6 • C h −1 (0.1 • C min −1 ). The detailed protocol of the controlled freezing test was described by Ouyang et al [32]. Index of injury (It) based on electrolyte leakage (EL) values were calculated according to Flint et al [33] and transformed into the adjusted It value taking into account the It at −80 • C [34].…”

Section: Controlled Freezing Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis was done in five replicates for each genotype. Soluble sugars were extracted as described in Ouyang et al [32]. Sucrose, hexoses (glucose and fructose), and oligosaccharides (raffinose and stachyose) were quantified via high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (ACQUITY UPLC H-Class, Waters, Milford, MA, USA) using a CarboPac PA-20 analytical column and companion guard column of Dionex (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and an eluent of 50 mM NaOH at 22 • C.…”

Section: Soluble Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’

et al. 2021

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Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. During the winter season (November to April), the cold hardiness of stems, soluble sugar content, and expression of dehydrins and the related key genes in the soluble sugar metabolism were analyzed. ‘Yesterday’ is more cold-hardy and acclimated faster, reaching its maximum cold hardiness in December. R. wichurana is relatively less cold-hardy, only reaching its maximum cold hardiness in January after prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Dehydrin transcripts accumulated significantly during November–January in both genotypes. Soluble sugars are highly involved in cold acclimation, with sucrose and oligosaccharides significantly correlated with cold hardiness. Sucrose occupied the highest proportion of total soluble sugars in both genotypes. During November–January, downregulation of RhSUS was found in both genotypes, while upregulation of RhSPS was observed in ‘Yesterday’ and upregulation of RhINV2 was found in R. wichurana. Oligosaccharides accumulated from November to February and decreased to a significantly low level in April. RhRS6 had a significant upregulation in December in R. wichurana. This study provides insight into the cold acclimation mechanism of roses by combining transcription patterns with metabolite quantification.

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“…Furthermore, the temperature at which samples are boiled or heated and/or the time during which this temperature is reached are frequently not specified ( [10,14,[24][25][26], among others). And though boiling at 120/121℃ is typical (e.g., [9,17,27]), some [28][29][30][31] report using temperatures lower than the boiling point of water to heat kill samples. Yet Deans et al [13] find that even temperatures above the boiling point (they compare 105° vs. 121℃) vary in their capacity to induce electrolyte leakage.…”

Section: What Is the Best Way To Standardize Measurements Of Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Kovaleski

Grossman

2021

Preprint

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Background. A variety of basic and applied research programs in plant biology require the accurate and reliable determination of plant tissue cold hardiness. Over the past 50 years, the electrolyte leakage method has emerged as a popular and practical method for quantifying the amount of damage inflicted on plant tissue by exposure to freezing temperatures. Numerous approaches for carrying out this method and analyzing the resultant data have emerged. These include multiple systems for standardizing and modeling raw electrolyte leakage data and multiple protocols for boiling samples in order to maximize leakage as a positive control. We compare four different routines for standardization of leakage data and assess a novel control method - immersion in liquid nitrogen in lieu of traditional boiling – and apply them to woody twigs collected from 12 maple (Acer) species in early spring. We compare leakage data from these samples using each of four previously published forms of data analysis and boiling vs. liquid nitrogen controls and validate each of these approaches against visual estimates of freezing damage and differential thermal analysis. Results. Through presentation of our own data and re-analysis of previously published findings, we show that standardization of raw data against estimates of both minimum and maximum attainable freezing damage allows for reliable estimation of cold hardiness at the species level and across studies in diverse systems. Furthermore, use of our novel liquid nitrogen control produces data commensurate across studies and enhances the consistency and realism of the electrolyte leakage method, especially for very cold hardy samples. Conclusion. Future leakage studies that relativize data against minimum and maximum leakage and that employ our updated liquid nitrogen control will contribute generalizable, repeatable, and realistic data to the existing body of cold hardiness research in woody plants. Data from studies conducted using a liquid nitrogen (and not a boiling) control can still be compared to previously published data, especially when raw data are standardized using the best-performing approach among those we assessed. Electrolyte leakage of woody twigs emerges as a useful technique for quickly assessing the probability of tissue death in response to freezing in dormant plants. Differential thermal analysis may provide different and complementary information on cold hardiness.

show abstract

Three-year screening for cold hardiness of garden roses

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’

Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

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