Three-dimensionally bonded spongy graphene material with super compressive elasticity and near-zero Poisson’s ratio

Wu, Yingpeng; Yi, Ningbo; Huang, Lu; Zhang, Tengfei; Fang, Shaoli; Chang, Huicong; Li, Na; Oh, Jiyoung; Lee, Jun Young; Kozlov, Mikhail E.; Chipara, Alin Cristian; Terrones, Humberto; Xiao, Peishuang; Long, Guankui; Huang, Yi; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Long; Lepró, Xavier; Haines, Carter S.; Lima, Márcio Dias; Perea-López, Néstor; Rajukumar, Lakshmy Pulickal; Elías, Ana Laura; Feng, Simin; Kim, Seon Jeong; Narayanan, Neithalath; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Terrones, Mauricio; Aliev, Ali E.; Chu, Pengfei; Zhong, Ziyi; Baughman, Ray H.; Chen, Yongsheng

doi:10.1038/ncomms7141

Cited by 463 publications

(379 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The material had a density of 1.1 g cm −3 , which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional graphene foam (< 0.05 g cm −3 ). [ 35,36 ] In contrast, NHGF had a density of 0.01 g cm −3 and can be held up by a dandelion (Figure 2 c) owing to the interconnected 3D macroporous network (Figure 2 d). A uniform pore size of ca.…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 93%

High‐Density Monolith of N‐Doped Holey Graphene for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity of Li‐Ion Batteries

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

165

130

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To solve the aforementioned problems, emerging graphene agglomerates with crumpled morphologies obtained by the stacking of graphene sheets seem to be promising for increasing the packing density and energy density in energystorage devices. [ 23,24 ] Unfortunately, they usually exhibit a rather low packing density, and consequently a relatively low volumetric capacity. Additionally, the closely stacked graphene agglomerate electrodes generally decrease the ion-accessible surface area and electrolyte ion diffusion, which inevitably compromises its lithium storage capacity. Thus, both a high density and porous structure should be taken into consideration when seeking a strategy for the synthesis of novel carbon-based LIB anodes.Recently, holey graphene, as a new class of graphene derivatives, has attracted extensive attention because of its high intrinsic electrical conductivity, open ion channels, and edge activity useful for applications in electrochemistry-related fi elds. [ 8,25 ] In our previous study, we have demonstrated a lightweight porous graphene foam as advanced electrode material for electrochemical processes (e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, ethanol oxidation reaction, and as electrochemical capacitor). [26][27][28][29][30] Herein, we report a N-doped holey-graphene monolith (NHGM) with a dense microstructure and high density of 1.1 g cm −3 . The holey structure in the individual graphene sheets could not only provide effi cient diffusion channels for Li ions and a highly conductive pathway for electrons, but also provided more edges on the sheet to enhance Li intercalation. [ 31,32 ] NHGM was obtained by conjugating N-containing holey-graphene sheets into a 3D hydrogel, followed by evaporation of the trapped water under vacuum at room temperature and an annealing treatment under Ar atmosphere. This highly compact but porous architecture with heteroatom doping is favorable for ion diffusion, Li ion storage, and maximizing the LIB properties; the NHGM had a volumetric capacity of 1052 mAh cm −3 , which is nearly three times that of commercial graphite anodes (370 mAh cm −3 ), [ 33 ] and exhibited competitive characteristics over the existing Si-based and carbon/sulfur hybrid electrode materials (see Table S1 in the Supporting Information). This makes our graphene-based electrode material an important step toward practical applications.To prepare the N-doped, high-density, holey-graphene monolith (NHGM), we fi rst produced the N-containing holeygraphene hydrogel (NHGH) by a one-pot hydrothermal process with simultaneous etching of nanopores in the graphene sheets and co-assembly of graphene and pyrrole to form a 3D hydrogel. During the hydrothermal process, a controlled amount of H 2 O 2

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Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 93%

High‐Density Monolith of N‐Doped Holey Graphene for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity of Li‐Ion Batteries

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

165

130

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“…Typical tapping-mode AFM measurements were conducted on Dimension Icon (Bruker Co. Ltd). The average size of the GO sheets is in the range of tens of μ m and the height difference between the steps is ~1 nm, corresponding to a typical thickness of an individual GO sheet 22 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hybrid system with highly enhanced graphene SERS for rapid and tag-free tumor cells detection

Duan

Song

et al. 2017

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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By dint of unique physical/chemical properties and bio-compatibility, graphene can work as a building block for a SERS substrate and open up a unique platform for tumor cells detection with high sensitivity.Herein we demonstrate a facile system with highly enhanced surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of graphene (G-SERS). The system consists of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sandwiched by silver and gold nanostructures. Due to the ultrasmall thickness of rGO, the inter-coupling between Ag and Au nanoparticles is precisely controlled and the local field enhancement has been improved to more than 70 times. Associated with the unique chemical mechanism of rGO, the hybrid system has been utilized to identify tumor cells without using any biomarkers. We believe this research will be important for the applications of rGO in cancer screening.Raman spectroscopy is a reliable technique to understand molecules information with the inelastic scattering process in Raman scattering. In practical applications, the Raman signals are relatively weak due to the small scattering cross-section of molecules. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can enhance the fingerprints of molecules and overcome the limitation of sensitivity in conventional Raman spectroscopy, especially in use of noble metal materials 1 . In SERS researches, electromagnetic mechanism (EM) and chemical mechanism (CM) are well accepted mechanisms. Typically, the enhancement factor from EM is roughly proportional to |E| 4 . Strong EM enhancement is usually obtained with electromagnetic "hot spot" with a strongly enhanced local field 2 . The enhancement factor from EM has been improved to be more than 10 8 . To further improve the enhancement factor, the coupling between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) has been considered 1,3-6 . However, the coupling of LSPs is critically sensitive to the separation distance between the LSPs. It has been found to increase dramatically with the decrease of separation distance 7,8 . Thus precisely control the separation distance to sub-nanometer scale is a key to further improve the enhancement factor of SERS. Compared with other materials, the thickness of monolayer graphene is well fixed at sub-nanometer level and can be very uniform over a large area. Therefore, combining rGO with the coupling of LSPs can be potentially used to further improve the sensitivity of SERS.CM is based on the charge transfer and the mixing of molecular orbitals with electronic states between molecules and substrate 9 . In addition to the improved coupling of LSPs, graphene has also been used to enhance SERS via CM due to the high affinity of probe molecules to graphene layer. Because of its smooth surface and atomic thickness with excellent optical transmission, graphene has been well accepted as a novel material for SERS substrate [10][11][12] , and has been widely applied in molecular selectivity 13,14 , dye molecule detection, labeled tumor cell detection [3][4][5]15 , biosensing 16 et al. Among the graphene family, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)...

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“…Dan Li * and Ling Qiu Low-density cellular materials with high compressibility, elasticity and fatigue resistance hold promise for applications in mechanical damping, flexible electronics, actuators and multifunctional polymer nanocomposites [1][2][3][4][5]. Recently, cellular materials with ultralow density and superelasticity have been successfully synthesized with robust and flexible nanoscale building blocks such as graphene and carbon nanotubes [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Super-carbon Spring: a Biomimetic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-carbon spring: a biomimetic design

Qiu

2016

Sci. China Mater.

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Low-density cellular materials with high compressibility, elasticity and fatigue resistance hold promise for applications in mechanical damping, flexible electronics, actuators and multifunctional polymer nanocomposites [1][2][3][4][5]. Recently, cellular materials with ultralow density and superelasticity have been successfully synthesized with robust and flexible nanoscale building blocks such as graphene and carbon nanotubes [6][7][8][9]. However, when these cellular materials undergo large strain cyclic compression, microstructure cracking or buckling failure often occurs, leading to large energy dissipation, plastic deformation and reduction of strength [1,2,6]. As the mechanical properties of a cellular material are dependent on not only the mechanical attributes of the basic building blocks, but also the hierarchical structure of the assembled cellular network, it has been very challenging to find an effective solution to synthesize a cellular material with combined high compressibility, elasticity and fatigue resistance.Excitingly, a team led by Shu-Hong Yu and Heng-An Wu from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) [10] recently reported a new biomimetic design to tackle this long-standing challenge by borrowing a design widely existing in macroscopic biological world. They observed that the arch-shape structure in biology was highly favorable for realization of combined fatigue resistance and elasticity. A good example is the arch of human feet, which acts as an elastic spring-type cushioning system to facilitate human motions (Fig. 1a) and the arch-shaped spring-type suspension systems can help to support the axle and absorb mechanical shock.The USTC researchers have provided a smart strategy to realize the biomimetic design at the micrometer scale in carbon-based cellular materials. They first fabricated a monolithic chitosan-graphene oxide (CS-GO) composite cellular scaffold consisting of numerous parallel, aligned and thin lamellas through a bidirectional freezing process, followed by freeze drying and thermal annealing. Interestingly, they discovered that the thin lamellas were self-crumpled into waved micro-arch morphology as a result of the local volume decrease of the CS matrix caused by its partial mass loss in the annealing process (Fig. 1b).The resultant carbon cellular structure containing lamellar micro-arches is found to be highly elastic, despite the fact that the obtained monolithic material is composed of amorphous carbon-graphene (C-G) composite constituent, which is generally very brittle. The carbon elastomer can completely recover to its original shape upon 90% compression strain with a small energy dissipation of~0.2, which is lower than that of all the previously reported values (0.3-0.7). It can rebound a steel ball in spring-like fashion with fast recovery speed of~580 mm s −1 (more than four times of the previously reported maximum value) (Fig. 1c). More interestingly, this carbon elastomer also exhibits a high level of fatigue resistance. It can undergo more ...

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Three-dimensionally bonded spongy graphene material with super compressive elasticity and near-zero Poisson’s ratio

Cited by 463 publications

References 47 publications

High‐Density Monolith of N‐Doped Holey Graphene for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity of Li‐Ion Batteries

High‐Density Monolith of N‐Doped Holey Graphene for Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacity of Li‐Ion Batteries

A hybrid system with highly enhanced graphene SERS for rapid and tag-free tumor cells detection

Super-carbon spring: a biomimetic design

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