Three-dimensional structure in a tidal convergence front

Comparative foraging ecology of planktivorous auklets in relation to ocean physics and prey availability

“…In the Delarof region, the features of the convergence zone between the sill and the tidal front were similar to those described by Farmer et al (1995) for Haro Strait. In their study, boils consisted of 175 111 wide patches of smooth, upwelled water surrounded by 15 m wide rings of rough water indicating regions of intense downwelling.…”

“…In the Delarof region, the internal waves appeared as temperature and salinity spikes in the TS traces from the MOCNESS tows, and as dark streaks in the echograms. The distance between temperature peaks varied between 50 and 150 m, with the zones of the most intense downwelling, as judged from traces on the echograms, being on the order of 15 m, similar to the width of the downwelling areas described by Farmer et al (1995).…”

Comparative foraging ecology of planktivorous auklets in relation to ocean physics and prey availability

“…In the Delarof region, the features of the convergence zone between the sill and the tidal front were similar to those described by Farmer et al (1995) for Haro Strait. In their study, boils consisted of 175 111 wide patches of smooth, upwelled water surrounded by 15 m wide rings of rough water indicating regions of intense downwelling.…”

“…In the Delarof region, the internal waves appeared as temperature and salinity spikes in the TS traces from the MOCNESS tows, and as dark streaks in the echograms. The distance between temperature peaks varied between 50 and 150 m, with the zones of the most intense downwelling, as judged from traces on the echograms, being on the order of 15 m, similar to the width of the downwelling areas described by Farmer et al (1995).…”

Observations of cross‐channel structure of flow in an energetic tidal channel

“…Although the value of A h used here is nominal, the order of magnitude of the horizontal friction term suggests that it is important to the dynamics. This becomes evident from the marked boils and recirculations observed during the data collection, similar to those described by Farmer et al [1995].…”

Flow‐field observations of a tidally driven island wake used by marine mammals in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

“…However, these studies were unable to provide details on the physical forces that structure this relationship. Similar examples are found on the west coast of North America, where strong tidal flows amongst the small islands found in and adjacent to Haro Strait produce a variety of convergences, divergences and fronts (Farmer et al, 1995) which also attract upper trophic-level predators (Zamon, 2001). Many studies of the foraging behavior of marine mammals have little opportunity to explore in detail the physical and biological oceanography of foraging habitats.…”

Comparative foraging ecology of planktivorous auklets in relation to ocean physics and prey availability

“…In the Delarof region, the features of the convergence zone between the sill and the tidal front were similar to those described by Farmer et al (1995) for Haro Strait. In their study, boils consisted of 175 111 wide patches of smooth, upwelled water surrounded by 15 m wide rings of rough water indicating regions of intense downwelling.…”

“…In the Delarof region, the internal waves appeared as temperature and salinity spikes in the TS traces from the MOCNESS tows, and as dark streaks in the echograms. The distance between temperature peaks varied between 50 and 150 m, with the zones of the most intense downwelling, as judged from traces on the echograms, being on the order of 15 m, similar to the width of the downwelling areas described by Farmer et al (1995).…”

Observations of cross‐channel structure of flow in an energetic tidal channel

“…Although the value of A h used here is nominal, the order of magnitude of the horizontal friction term suggests that it is important to the dynamics. This becomes evident from the marked boils and recirculations observed during the data collection, similar to those described by Farmer et al [1995].…”

Flow‐field observations of a tidally driven island wake used by marine mammals in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

“…However, these studies were unable to provide details on the physical forces that structure this relationship. Similar examples are found on the west coast of North America, where strong tidal flows amongst the small islands found in and adjacent to Haro Strait produce a variety of convergences, divergences and fronts (Farmer et al, 1995) which also attract upper trophic-level predators (Zamon, 2001). Many studies of the foraging behavior of marine mammals have little opportunity to explore in detail the physical and biological oceanography of foraging habitats.…”

Comparative foraging ecology of planktivorous auklets in relation to ocean physics and prey availability

“…In the Delarof region, the features of the convergence zone between the sill and the tidal front were similar to those described by Farmer et al (1995) for Haro Strait. In their study, boils consisted of 175 111 wide patches of smooth, upwelled water surrounded by 15 m wide rings of rough water indicating regions of intense downwelling.…”

“…In the Delarof region, the internal waves appeared as temperature and salinity spikes in the TS traces from the MOCNESS tows, and as dark streaks in the echograms. The distance between temperature peaks varied between 50 and 150 m, with the zones of the most intense downwelling, as judged from traces on the echograms, being on the order of 15 m, similar to the width of the downwelling areas described by Farmer et al (1995).…”

Observations of cross‐channel structure of flow in an energetic tidal channel

“…Although the value of A h used here is nominal, the order of magnitude of the horizontal friction term suggests that it is important to the dynamics. This becomes evident from the marked boils and recirculations observed during the data collection, similar to those described by Farmer et al [1995].…”

Flow‐field observations of a tidally driven island wake used by marine mammals in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

“…However, these studies were unable to provide details on the physical forces that structure this relationship. Similar examples are found on the west coast of North America, where strong tidal flows amongst the small islands found in and adjacent to Haro Strait produce a variety of convergences, divergences and fronts (Farmer et al, 1995) which also attract upper trophic-level predators (Zamon, 2001). Many studies of the foraging behavior of marine mammals have little opportunity to explore in detail the physical and biological oceanography of foraging habitats.…”