2017
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04303
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Abstract: Electrical trees are one reason for the breakdown of insulating materials in electrical power systems. An understanding of the growth of electrical trees plays a crucial role in the development of reliable high voltage direct current (HVDC) power grid systems with transmission voltages up to 1 MV. A section that contained an electrical tree in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been visualized in three dimensions (3D) with a resolution of 92 nm by X-ray ptychographic tomography. The 3D imaging revealed precha… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…In contrast, some freestanding disconnections, for example the void shown in Figure 4(e), seem to be more independent of main tree channels. Similar features have also been reported in DC trees [9] and in that case were regarded as pre-tree stages of degradation. These structures are mainly μm-sized voids around the electrical tree and may suggest a new mechanism for tree growth.…”
Section: B Reconstruction Of Multiple Treessupporting
confidence: 84%
“…In contrast, some freestanding disconnections, for example the void shown in Figure 4(e), seem to be more independent of main tree channels. Similar features have also been reported in DC trees [9] and in that case were regarded as pre-tree stages of degradation. These structures are mainly μm-sized voids around the electrical tree and may suggest a new mechanism for tree growth.…”
Section: B Reconstruction Of Multiple Treessupporting
confidence: 84%
“…The polymer/particle interfaces were directly observed on a nanoscale using X‐ray ptychographic tomography of strained LDPE/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites (Figures c–e) . Ptychographic nanotomography is a coherent diffraction imaging technique that can show cavity features in polyethylene with a nanometer resolution . In this technique, the phase images are used to achieve a 3D map of the electron density distribution in the specimen, which in turn can be transformed into a mass density distribution .…”
Section: Nanocomposites Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ptychographic nanotomography is a coherent diffraction imaging technique that can show cavity features in polyethylene with a nanometer resolution . In this technique, the phase images are used to achieve a 3D map of the electron density distribution in the specimen, which in turn can be transformed into a mass density distribution . This technique cannot be used in situ, similar to the combined tensile/SAXS technique.…”
Section: Nanocomposites Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, these internal pores allow the expansion of streamer under a high electrical field, together with charge injection, extraction, and recombination, leading to bond breaking, even DC electrical tree and breakdown. [ 26 ] Therefore, longer fibers and higher fines content help to improve the breakdown strength of presspaper. In addition, fines can also improve the surface uniformity of the sheet and help the surface electric field distribute evenly [ 27 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%