Three-dimensional multicomponent imaging of reservoir heterogeneity, Silo Field, Wyoming

Lewis, Catherine; Davis, Tom; Vuillermoz, C.

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(92)90747-n

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Dips are gentle to the southwest, and the chalk is faulted where it drapes over a deeper Permian salt withdrawal, or salt dissolution structure. Fracture orientations parallel this paleostructure, and the average fracture strike is N50OW to N55OW (Lewis et al, 1991). This orientation was also confiied by dipmeter logs and by 3-D rotation analysis of shear-wave seismic data.…”

Section: Niobrara Formation -Regional Stratimaphy and Fracture Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multi-component shear-wave exploration techniques have long been used in the oil industry to study the anisotropic properties of the Earth (Alford, 1986;Wallis et al, 1986;Thomsen, 1986;Lewis, 1989). Shear-wave splitting has been observed in various places and reported by many authors.…”

Section: Shear-wave Data and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Silo Field, located northeast of Cheyenne in far southeastern Wyoming, the Niobrara is a naturally fractured, oil-productive chalk (Lewis et al, 1991). Dips are gentle to the southwest, and the chalk is faulted where it drapes over a deeper Permian salt withdrawal, or salt dissolution structure.…”

Section: Niobrara Formation -Regional Stratimaphy and Fracture Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lab measurements (Banik, 1984;1986, Vernik andNur, 1992), VSP (Beydoun et al, 1985;Crampin et al, 1986;Johnston, 1986) and surface seismic data (Alford, 1986;Lewis, 1989;Mueller, 1992) have shown that sedimentary rocks are often anisotropic. One of the major sources of anisotropy is the inclusion of natural fractures.…”

Section: Shear-wave Data and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, while we have used standard shear wave techniques to process and analyze our field data, our goal in this project has been to explore also non-shear wave methods (i.e., single component, P-wave data), with several motivations in mind: (1) Four and nine-component data are very expensive to collect and process; (2) Most existing data (including all marine data) are conventional compressional-wave data; (3) More and more 3D P-wave data of higher quality are becoming available, and a variety of their orientation-dependent attributes may be used to study the anisotropic properties of the Earth (Lewis, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated seismic study of naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs. Final report, September 1991--January 1995

Mavko¹,

Nur²

1995

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Section: Niobrara Formation -Regional Stratimaphy and Fracture Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shear-wave Data and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Niobrara Formation -Regional Stratimaphy and Fracture Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shear-wave Data and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated seismic study of naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs. Final report, September 1991--January 1995

Mavko¹,

Nur²

1995

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A fast, robust method for detecting and characterizing azimuthal anisotropy with marinePSconverted waves, and its application to the west Svalbard continental slope

Haacke

Westbrook

2006

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY A method for using PS converted waves to detect and characterize azimuthal seismic anisotropy is developed, and applied to four‐component ocean‐bottom seismometer data acquired near the base of the continental slope west of Svalbard. The method determines the distribution of coherent signal vibrating perpendicular to the sagittal plane (the transverse direction), and employs an optimized rotation technique to separate the effects of anisotropy from other contributions to the seismic amplitude. The magnitude of the PS‐wave transverse amplitude, when normalized by its radial counterpart, is shown to correspond to the degree of ellipticity of particle motions and is used to constrain the anisotropic symmetry class in the near‐surface sediments. Results indicate the presence of orthorhombic or horizontal, transversely isotropic symmetry that is consistent with the presence of near‐vertical, aligned cracks. From its orientation, the observed anisotropy is associated with: gravitational, downslope stresses in the sediment sequence, which dips by approximately two degrees to the SW and tectonic stresses associated with the segmented spreading centres of the northern Knipovich Ridge, which spread in the NW–SE direction. Aligned cracks are likely to influence the local distribution of gas hydrate and free gas in these sediments. An investigation of the effect of seismic noise on optimized rotation shows that the vectorial combination of independent geophone records has variable sensitivity to source‐related noise. This sensitivity peaks where the sagittal azimuth bisects the deployment orientation of the geophones on the seabed. A method to reduce the sensitivity to directional noise is developed and shown to improve the transverse amplitude plots. This approach to noise reduction may be used to improve the quality of seismic images derived from multicomponent data.

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Observation of shear‐wave splitting in the multicomponent node data from Atlantis field, Gulf of Mexico

Sil

Srivastava

Sen³

2010

Geophysical Prospecting

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A B S T R A C TIn 2005, a multicomponent ocean bottom node data set was collected by BP and BHP Billiton in the Atlantis field in the Gulf of Mexico. Our results are based on data from a few sparse nodes with millions of shots that were analysed as common receiver azimuthal gathers. A first-order look at P-wave arrivals on a common receiver gather at a constant offset reveals variation of P-wave arrival time as a function of azimuth indicating the presence of azimuthal anisotropy at the top few layers. This prompted us to investigate shear arrivals on the horizontal component data. After preliminary processing, including a static correction, the data were optimally rotated to radial (R) and transverse (T) components. The R component shows azimuthal variation of traveltime indicating variation of velocity with azimuth; the corresponding T component shows azimuthal variation of amplitude and phase (polarity reversal). The observed shear-wave (S-wave) splitting, previously observed azimuthal P-wave velocity variation and azimuthal P-wave amplitude variation, all indicate the occurrence of anisotropy in the shallow (just below the seafloor) subsea sediment in the area. From the radial component azimuthal gather, we analysed the PP-and PS-wave amplitude variation for the first few layers and determined corresponding anisotropy parameter and V P /V S values. Since fracture at this depth is not likely to occur, we attribute the observed azimuthal anisotropy to the presence of microcracks and grain boundary orientation due to stress. The evidence of anisotropy is ubiquitous in this data set and thus it argues strongly in favour of considering anisotropy in depth imaging for obtaining realistic subsurface images, at the least.

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Three-dimensional multicomponent imaging of reservoir heterogeneity, Silo Field, Wyoming

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Integrated seismic study of naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs. Final report, September 1991--January 1995

Integrated seismic study of naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs. Final report, September 1991--January 1995

A fast, robust method for detecting and characterizing azimuthal anisotropy with marinePSconverted waves, and its application to the west Svalbard continental slope

Observation of shear‐wave splitting in the multicomponent node data from Atlantis field, Gulf of Mexico

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