Three-dimensional kinematics of wheelchair propulsion

Adjustments to McConville et al. and Young et al. body segment inertial parameters

“…1, Appendix A), the joint centres are estimated and the SCSs are constructed according to the literature (Cappozzo et al, 1995;Rao et al, 1996;Wu et al, 2002Wu et al, , 2005. The adjustment procedure concerns nine segments: Head & Neck, Torso, Pelvis, Arm, Forearm, Hand, Thigh, Leg and Foot.…”

Preferred elbow position in confined wheelchair configuration

“…From another viewpoint, the differences in arc angles may result from spontaneous response to prevent over-stress on the joint. During propulsion phase, the wrist joint goes from extension and radial deviation to flexion and ulnar deviation (Rao et al, 1996). Extreme wrist positions, including flexion/extension and deviations would be a risk factor to carpal tunnel syndrome and injuries at radial and ulnar sides of the wrist joint.…”

Towards standardisation of user models for simulation and adaptation purposes

“…Dealing with human gait analysis from a biomechanical perspective, [63-65, 68, 69] propose that models deal with the postural stability and balance control of young and older humans. Rao et al [76] use a three-dimensional biomechanical model to determine upper extremity kinematics of 16 male subjects with low-level paraplegia while performing wheelchair propulsion. Sapin et al [78] report a comparison of the gait patterns of transfemoral amputees using a singleaxis prosthetic knee that coordinates ankle and knee flexions (Proteor's Hydracadence system) with the gait patterns of patients using other knee joints without a knee-ankle link and the gait patterns of individuals with normal gait.…”