Three-dimensional display by smart pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion with tunable focus

Abstract

The original aim of the integral-imaging concept, reported by Gabriel Lippmann more than a century ago, is the capture of images of 3D scenes for their projection onto an autostereoscopic display. In this paper we report a new algorithm for the efficient generation of microimages for their direct projection onto an integral-imaging monitor. Like our previous algorithm, the smart pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion (SPOC) algorithm, this algorithm produces microimages ready to produce 3D display with full parallax. However, this new algorithm is much simpler than the previous one, produces microimages free of black pixels, and permits fixing at will, between certain limits, the reference plane and the field of view of the displayed 3D scene. Proofs of concept are illustrated with 3D capture and 3D display experiments.

Integral display for non-static observers

“…Also, we have performed an InI monitor composed by a 4K Dell-P2415Q screen with 3840x2160 pixels and a microlens array with microlenses with focal length, f = 8 mm, and pitch, p = 1.6 mm. In order to adapt the captured Integral Image to the InI monitor we have applied the SPOC 2.0 algorithm, that permits us to choose the field of view and the reference plane of the displayed microimages at will [5]. To perform our experiment, we have generated two sets of 23 images, each set with a different position of the reference plane.…”

“…In InI, a 3D image is reconstructed using an InI monitor which, usually, is composed by a high resolution display and a microlens array. The 3D information can be displayed in the form of elemental images or microimages [5] but, on this work, we will only consider microimages. In order to display a good 3D image, each microimage needs to fit under one microlens.…”

“…There are new capturing methods, as [2], and novel ways to process the recorded spatio-angular information [3]. In addition, there has been several implementations of InI monitors [4], [5], as well as some proposals to combine InI technology with other techniques. As, for example, combining InI with eyetracking [6], [7] and 3D microscopy [8], [9].…”

“…The 3D information can be displayed in the form of elemental images or microimages [5] but, on this work, we will only consider microimages. In order to display a good 3D image, each microimage needs to fit under one microlens.…”

“…We use a Kinect 2 device to track the 3D position of the observer, even in dark environments. We capture the 3D scene using the synthetic aperture method [13] and we adapt the image to the InI monitor using the SPOC 2.0 algorithm [5]. When the observer moves laterally in front of the InI monitor, we shift the displayed microimages and, therefore, the viewing area of the InI monitor increases by avoiding the flipping effect, see Figure 3.…”