Three-dimensional anthropometric analysis of eyelid aging among Chinese women

Chong, Yuming; Li, Jingyu; Liu, Xinyu; Wang, Xiaojun; Huang, Jiuzuo; Long, Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.010

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Contrary to our results, in an Indian study, there was a statistically significant difference in the PFW (p < 0.001) and OICD (p < 0.05) between males and females [20]. However, there was no significant difference in the PFH (p > 0.05) and ICD (p > 0.05) between the two sexes in Indians but in our study, PFH was significantly higher in males.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…According to one study, EV decrease with age (average reduction of 0.06 mm/year) [20]. In our study, there was a significant decrease in PFH after 40 years but not in EV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In our study, there was a significant decrease in PFH after 40 years but not in EV. PTS also showed increased values after 40 years [9,20]. Both of these findings are explained by senile ptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orbital and periorbital anthropometric variations and effect of age and gender on these variables

et al. 2022

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BACkgRound:The objective of this study was to identify the orbital and periorbital anthropometric variations and determine the effects of age and gender on these variables. From January 2020 to July 2020, we conducted a hospital-based, descriptive, observational study. MATeRiAl And MeThodS: Three hundred and eighty individuals of age15 years and above were included in the study. Exophthalmometric value (EV) and outer inter-canthal distance (OICD) were measured [mm] on Hertel's exophthalmometer. Inner inter-canthal distance (ICD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD) [mm], palpebral fissure width (PFW), palpebral fissure height (PFH), marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), marginal reflex distance 2 (MRD2), lid crease height (LC), pre-tarsal show (PTS) and levator function (LF) were recorded using a millimeter ruler scale. Data were analyzed using a Microsoft Excel sheet.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…According to one study, EV decrease with age (average reduction of 0.06 mm/year) [20]. In our study, there was a significant decrease in PFH after 40 years but not in EV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Orbital and periorbital anthropometric variations and effect of age and gender on these variables

et al. 2022

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“…The authors have been working on the clinical application of 3D anthropometry and agreed that the portability of a 3D imaging system brought great convenience to both clinicians and patients (19,20). The authors worked with engineers to develop a novel iPad/iPhone application for 3D photography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional facial scanner in the hands of patients: validation of a novel application on iPad/iPhone for three-dimensional imaging

Chong¹,

Liu²,

Shi³

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Three-dimensional (3D) photography plays an important role in surgical planning and postoperative evaluation. Commercial 3D facial scanners are expensive, and they require patients to come to the clinics for 3D photography. To solve this problem, we developed an iPad/iPhone application to enable patients to capture 3D images of themselves on their own. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of this novel imaging system. Methods: 3D images were taken on 20 volunteers using the novel imaging system. Twenty-one anthropometric parameters were measured using calipers (direct measurement) and 3D photographs (3D photogrammetry). The results were compared to assess the accuracy and bias of 3D photogrammetry. The reproducibility was evaluated by testing intra-and interobserver reliabilities. Furthermore, 3D virtual models obtained by the novel imaging system and Vectra H1 camera were compared by performing heat map analysis. Results: The 3D photogrammetric results showed excellent correlations with direct measurements. Most anthropometric parameters did not show statistically significant differences between the two methods. The 95% limits of agreement exceeded 2 mm in some parameters, especially those with large numbers, although their relative error measurements were very small. Intra-and interobserver reliabilities were high enough to ensure good reproducibility. The comparison of 3D models obtained by the novel imaging system and Vectra H1 camera showed that the mean distance and the mean RMS were 0.08 and 0.67 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The novel 3D facial scanning system is validated to enable patients to take 3D images on their own. The imaging quality of the subnasale region needs further improvement. Future clinical applications include surgical planning, postoperative evaluation, and early diagnosis of diseases that affect facial appearance.

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“…I n r e c e n t d e c a d e s , 3 D s u r f a c e i m a g i n g a n d morphometrics, especially stereophotogrammetry, have rapidly become the preferred craniofacial surface imaging modality owing to their unprecedented precision and reliability. Three-dimensional lines, curve lines, and angles can be measured on the craniofacial surface, including the periocular region (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Moreover, as a unique advantage of the 3D surface imaging system, the measurement of periocular area and volume is becoming increasingly popular in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel standardized approach for the 3D evaluation of upper eyelid area and volume

Guo¹,

Rokohl²,

Fan³

et al. 2023

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Background: Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging and morphometrics are becoming the preferred craniofacial surface imaging modality. However, as a unique advantage of 3D imaging, areal and volumetric measurements have been rarely conducted and validated for evaluating soft tissue change in the periocular region, especially the upper eyelids. Therefore, based on an existing periocular landmark identification strategy, we proposed a novel modified method to define a standardized upper eyelid region for areal and volumetric measurements and validate its reliability for future clinical application.Methods: Forty-four healthy adult volunteers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Threedimensional facial images were taken with a 3D imaging system. Subsequently, the upper eyelid region selection and areal and volumetric measurements were conducted using a modified landmarks localization strategy to evaluate their intrarater, interrater, and intramethod reliability.Results: Areal measurement of the upper eyelid revealed highly reliable outcomes for intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean absolute difference (MAD), relative error measurement (REM), technical error of measurement (TEM), and relative technical error of measurement (%TEM) of 0.982, 0.1620 cm 2 , 2.9%, 0.1510 cm 2 , and 2.7% for intrarater reliability, respectively; 0.969, 0.2076 cm 2 , 3.7%, 0.1930 cm 2 , and 3.5% for interrater reliability, respectively; and 0.917, 0.3636 cm 2 , 6.5%, 0.3354 cm 2 , and 6.0% for intramethod reliability, respectively. Unsatisfactory results were found for the volumetric measurement of the upper eyelid: the ICC, MAD, REM, TEM, and %TEM estimates for intrarater reliability were 0.992, 0.2299 mL, 10.3%, 0.2414 mL, and 10.8%, respectively; for interrater reliability, these values were 0.985, 0.2749 mL, 12.3%, 0.3253 mL, and 14.6%, respectively; and for intramethod reliability, these values were 0.433, 1.6716 mL, ^ ORCID: Yongwei Guo,

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Three-dimensional anthropometric analysis of eyelid aging among Chinese women

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Orbital and periorbital anthropometric variations and effect of age and gender on these variables

Orbital and periorbital anthropometric variations and effect of age and gender on these variables

Three-dimensional facial scanner in the hands of patients: validation of a novel application on iPad/iPhone for three-dimensional imaging

A novel standardized approach for the 3D evaluation of upper eyelid area and volume

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