Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Condylar Hypoplasia and Facial Asymmetry in Craniofacial Microsomia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Chen, Yunfang; Vinayahalingam, Shankeeth; Bergé, Stefaan; Liao, Yu‐Fang; Maal, T.J.J.; Xi, Tong

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2021.03.015

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To determine the sample size, the G-Power software (version 3.1.9.7; Franz Faul, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany) was used. A minimum of 17 subjects per group was estimated based on our previous studies [17,18] by setting an effect size of 1.0, a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05), and a power of 80%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D head models were registered in a cephalometric reference frame based on the protocol of Swennen et al, using the landmarks orbitale and porion on the non-affected side, and further completed by the frontozygomatic points, nasion, and sella (Fig. 1) [16,17]. The affected side was defined as the side to which the chin deviation was pointed to and where CFM was present.…”

Section: Image Acquisition and Cephalometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the pattern of mandibular asymmetry in mild craniofacial microsomia comparable to non-syndromic class II asymmetry?

et al. 2022

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Objectives To compare the characteristics of mandibular asymmetry in patients with unilateral craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and class II asymmetry. Materials and methods Pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography of consecutive adults with Pruzansky-Kaban type I and IIA CFM (CFM group) was analyzed by 3D cephalometry. Fourteen mandibular landmarks and two dental landmarks were identified. The mandibular size and positional asymmetry were calculated by using landmark-based linear and volumetric measurements, in terms of asymmetry ratios (affected/non-affected side) and absolute differences (affected − non-affected side). Results were compared with non-syndromic class II with matched severity of chin deviation (Class II group). Statistical analyses included independent t test, paired t test, chi-square test, and ANOVA. Results CFM group (n, 21; mean age, 20.4 ± 2.5 years) showed significantly larger size asymmetry in regions of mandibular body, ramus, and condyle compared to Class II group (n, 21; mean age, 27.8 ± 5.9 years) (p < 0.05). The curvature of mandibular body was asymmetric in CFM. Regarding the positional asymmetry of mandibular body, while a comparable transverse shift and a negligible yaw rotation were found among the two groups, the roll rotation in CFM was significantly greater as well as the occlusal (6.06° vs. 4.17°) and mandibular (7.84° vs. 2.80°) plane cants (p < 0.05). Conclusions Mild CFM showed significantly more severe size asymmetry and roll rotation in mandible than non-CFM class II asymmetry. Clinical relevance To improve the mandibular size and positional asymmetry in CFM, adjunct hard tissue augmentation or reduction in addition to OGS orthodontics with a meticulous roll and yaw planning is compulsory, which is expected to be distinct from treating non-CFM class II asymmetry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Acquisition and Cephalometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the pattern of mandibular asymmetry in mild craniofacial microsomia comparable to non-syndromic class II asymmetry?

et al. 2022

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“…According to previous studies, we know that the affected TMJs are hypoplastic. For example, Chen et al18 investigated 14 patients with type IIa HFM and found that the ratios of asymmetry for height and volume in the affected condyles were 40.69% and 18.16%, respectively. In another study, Zhang et al20 reported that for each type of HFM, sex, and sidedness had no impact on the condylar volume on either side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The primary locus of asymmetry in HFM is believed to be the condyle. 18 After birth, the mandibular bony structure increases in size and exhibits changes in shape, predominantly due to condylar displacement, superficial bony apposition, and resorption. 19 Understanding the morphologic characteristics of the TMJ in HFM and the morphologic changes post-MDO in detail is of significant value for the diagnosis and treatment of HFM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic Changes of the Temporomandibular Joint in Pruzansky-Kaban Type IIa Hemifacial Microsomia Postmandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

Shu

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Objective: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a powerful tool for the correction of hemifacial microsomia (HFM). The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the focus of attention in the diagnosis and treatment of HFM. This observational retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate morphologic changes in TMJ post-MDO in type IIa HFM. Methods: We recruited 48 patients with unilateral type IIa HFM who had completed MDO and mandibular distractor extraction (MDE). Data relating to the length, distance, angle, and volume of the TMJ were measured on 3-dimension models created by the analysis of computed tomography data. Normality analysis was performed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were compared with the paired t test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Results: The spaces between the affected condyle and the affected glenoid fossa before MDO were all significantly larger than before MDE (P<0.05). The breadth of the affected glenoid fossa before MDO was significantly longer than before MDE (P<0.001). The height of the affected condyle before MDO was significantly longer than before MDE (P<0.001). The volume of the affected condyle before MDO was significantly larger than before MDE (P<0.001). The ratio between the volume of the affected condyle and unaffected condyle before MDO was 0.20±0.13. The ratio between the volume of the affected condyle before MDE and MDO was 0.65±0.32. The resorption rate of the affected condyle post-MDO was 0.35±0.32. Conclusion: Herein, we characterized anatomic changes of the TMJ in type- IIa HFM post-MDO. Condylar resorption and the compression of space between the condyle and the glenoid fossa on the affected side were 2 typical manifestations. Our findings enhanced the understanding of the application of MDO on HFM.

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“…The primary locus of asymmetry in HFM is believed to be the condyle. 1 Understanding the morphological characteristics of the TMJ in HFM more profoundly and clearly is of significant value for diagnosis and treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Measurement of the Temporomandibular Joint in Pruzansky-Kaban Type IIa Hemifacial Microsomia

Shu

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Objective: This observational retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in type IIa hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Methods: We recruited 88 patients with unilateral type IIa HFM. Data relating to the length, distance, and angle of the TMJ, were measured on 3-dimensional models created by the analysis of computed tomography data. Normality analysis was performed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were compared with the paired t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The height, long axis, and short axis of the affected condyle were significantly shorter than the unaffected side (P<0.001); the ratios were 0.41±0.15, 0.75±0.20, and 0.95±0.24, respectively. The spaces between the condyle and the glenoid fossa were significantly larger in affected TMJs (P<0.001). The ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral anterior space in the sagittal plane was 4.62±2.59; this was significantly different than the ratio of inner space (1.50±1.70), superior space (1.70±0.97), and lateral space (1.28±0.62) in the coronal plane (P<0.001) and the ratio of superior space (1.43±1.05) and posterior space (1.47±0.98) in the sagittal plane (P<0.001); there were no statistical differences between the 5 spaces (P>0.05). The breadth and depth of the glenoid fossa were significantly shorter in affected TMJs (P<0.001), the ratio of the breadth in the affected and unaffected glenoid fossa was between 0.5 and 1 and the depth of the affected glenoid fossa was almost half of that on the unaffected side. The ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral height of the condyle was significantly different when compared with the length of the mandibular ramus (P<0.001). The ratio between the ipsilateral height of the condyle and the length of the mandibular ramus was significantly different when compared with that of the contralateral side (P<0.001). The height of the affected condyle were significantly different (P=0.005) among different ages. Conclusions: We found that hypoplasia was more severe in terms of the height of the condyle than the long axis and short axis of the condyle. The degree of condyle deformity was more severe than the mandible. And the affected condyle still had growth potential in the vertical direction with age.

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Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Condylar Hypoplasia and Facial Asymmetry in Craniofacial Microsomia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Is the pattern of mandibular asymmetry in mild craniofacial microsomia comparable to non-syndromic class II asymmetry?

Is the pattern of mandibular asymmetry in mild craniofacial microsomia comparable to non-syndromic class II asymmetry?

Morphologic Changes of the Temporomandibular Joint in Pruzansky-Kaban Type IIa Hemifacial Microsomia Postmandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

Three-Dimensional Measurement of the Temporomandibular Joint in Pruzansky-Kaban Type IIa Hemifacial Microsomia

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