Special attention is devoted to develop lowcost and highly efficient energy conversion and storage technologies to meet the needs of society development. [3][4][5][6] LIBs and electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been considered to be two promising alternatives because of their environmental friendliness, high power density, and availability. [7][8][9] Nevertheless, the scarcity and high price of the HER electrocatalysts (e.g., platinum and other noble metals materials), as well as the low theoretical specific capacity of LIBs, hinder their further development. [10][11][12] Consequently, it is of great significance to explore advanced LIBs electrode materials and water splitting electrocatalysts with low cost, excellent stability, and high activity. [6] As a typical transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MoS 2 has earned considerable attention either as an anode material in battery applications or as HER electrocatalyst owing to its layered structure analogous to graphite, high theoretical capacity (670 mAh g −1 ) and unique sandwich structure with large interlayer spacing (6.2 Å) to facilitate intercalation of alkaline ions. [13,14] Nevertheless, some undesirable disadvantages, such as low conductivity, volume expansion, restacking, and self-aggregation, hinder the direct practical application in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. [15,16] To alleviate these problems, one of the valid strategies is incorporating various carbon matrixes including graphene, [17] carbon nanotubes, [18] carbon polyhedra, [19] porous carbons, [20] or carbon sheets, [21] etc. Previous reports have demonstrated that 2D MoS 2 combined with carbon materials could not only increase the conductivity of MoS 2 but also help to stabilize the electrode structure by accommodating the volume variation during cycling, thus enhancing the electrochemical performance. [22][23][24][25] Among the various carbon precursors, natural bio-masses are the most popular candidates because of their low cost, availability, and biodegradable nature. [26] Agar is a biopolymer material derived from marine red algae. It is a mixture of agarose and agaropectin and has been widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and biological media. In recent years, it was also employed to fabricate carbon material for sorbent or supercapacitors. For instance, Zhang and Hu synthesized N-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes by MoS 2 has been explored as a potential material for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the limited number of active sites and poor conductivity restrain its applications. Herein, a facile method is reported to construct MoS 2 nanosheets (MoS 2 NSs) grown on agar-derived 3D nitrogen-doped porous carbon (MoS 2 -NPC). The as-prepared MoS 2 -NPC composite exhibits good stability and HER electrocatalytic properties with a low overpotential of 209 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and a small Tafel slope of 41 mV dec −1 . Furthermore, as ...