“…54 Although these various preoperative localization techniques serve as adjunctive tools, several case series have reported using thoracoscopic biopsy without preoperative localization and demonstrated a 96.7%-100% histological and/or bacteriological diagnosis. 22,25,30,31,47,[55][56][57][58][59][60] Conversion to open thoracotomy ranged from 0% to 30%, 22,25,30,31,51,[55][56][57][58][59]61 and was primarily due to limited visibility, 47,51,55,58 adhesion, 55,58 bleeding, 55,58 decreased intraoperative oxygen saturations, 55 and hypercarbia. 58 Therefore, thoracoscopy was largely successful, and some patients were able to begin adjuvant therapy earlier.…”