2013
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093002
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Abstract: Despite thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) being first described early in the 19th century, the subsequent literature seems limited, focusing on case reports and investigations providing little assistance in the management of equivocal presentations. Best practice clinical management, with little evidence base, poses great challenges for clinicians in deciding how to manage TOS, when to operate and which procedure should be undertaken. Furthermore, the implications of TOS and its surgical effects are poorly docume… Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Diagnosis of TOS is challenging, as the wide panel of symptoms described is nonspecific especially in N-TOS. Therefore there is a lack of precise diagnostic criteria ( Twaij et al, 2013 ; Povlsen et al, 2014 ; Masocatto et al, 2019 ). Most of the time TOS is diagnosed after exclusion of other pathologies ( Freischlag and Orion, 2014 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diagnosis of TOS is challenging, as the wide panel of symptoms described is nonspecific especially in N-TOS. Therefore there is a lack of precise diagnostic criteria ( Twaij et al, 2013 ; Povlsen et al, 2014 ; Masocatto et al, 2019 ). Most of the time TOS is diagnosed after exclusion of other pathologies ( Freischlag and Orion, 2014 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This mandates an assessment of the adequacy of the nonsurgical treatment and a thorough preoperative discussion of the risks and benefits of surgery. Fractured cervical rib 9-y-old male 2 mo after fall with fractured cervical rib Progressive pain, numbness, and tingling along ulnar side forearm and palmar hand Cervical rib pseudarthrosis 27 Pseudarthrosis mass of cervical rib 14-y-old girl 6 mo after blunt trauma to neck while swimming, with pseudarthrosis of cervical and first rib Disabling pain in neck, radiating down arm, paresthesias, bony supraclavicular mass, decreased grip strength Pseudarthrosis of clavicle 28 Clavicular pseudarthrosis 15-y-old girl with thoracic outlet syndrome due to congenital pseudarthrosis of clavicle Eden 29 Costoclavicular Soldiers with loaded knapsacks with arm pain, numbness, and fatigue while standing "at attention" Obese, large-breasted women; women with tight, narrow bra-straps exerting direct, downward clavicle pressure Scalene-anticus 30 Anterior and middle scalene compression Subclavian artery and brachial plexus compression due to muscular growth, tightness/spasm, and inflammation Absent anterior scalene 31 Absence of the anterior scalene muscle…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The mean improvement of QuickDASH was 33, and the complete relief was obtained 43% of the patients. TOS sometimes occurs in throwing athletes 40,41 . Athletes show better improvement than non-athletes after rst rib resection and scalenectomy 42 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%