Thiourea-Induced N/S Dual-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanofibers for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Abstract

Developing advanced carbon nanomaterials with reasonable pore distribution and interconnection and matching the chargestorage capacities and electrode kinetics between the capacitive electrode and the battery-type electrode are two of the biggest challenges in lithium-ion capacitors (LICs). In this work, a sustainable strategy to fabricate N/S dual-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers (N/S-CNF) is developed via electrospinning and thiourea treatment, and the N/S-CNF is employed as both the capacitor-type cathode and the battery-type anode for LICs. With rational design, N/S-CNF can not only offer a large specific surface area with a hierarchical pore structure but also be uniformly doped with heteroatoms, which is desirable for improving the electrochemical performance of both the cathode and the anode for LICs and alleviating the mismatch between the two electrodes. LICs assembled with the designed N/S-CNF electrodes can deliver a high energy density of 154 Wh kg −1 with a stable capacitance retention of 92% after 6000 cycles. Our work is expected to open up new avenues for developing heteroatom-doped porous carbon nanomaterials applied in other energy conversion and storage devices.

Oxygen and nitrogen enriched pectin-derived micro-meso porous carbon for CO2 uptake

“…Precursors can be typically divided into two specific categories: natural and synthetic. Through various synthesis methods, porous carbons are traditionally obtained by pyrolysis of a variety of C-rich materials as precursors, which can be synthetic (formaldehyde, 26 resorcinol, 27 and thiourea 28 ) or natural (biomass, cheap agricultural, and materials with known chemical composition) such as pine cone, 29 chitosan, 21 and poplar wood. 30 Pectin is a low-cost natural polysaccharide and contains a linked α- d -galacturonic acid backbone with many hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.…”

Ultrafine platinum nanoparticles supported on N,S-codoped porous carbon nanofibers as efficient multifunctional materials for noticeable oxygen reduction reaction and water splitting performance

“…Compared to pure pCNFs, the higher nitrogen and sulfur concentration of Pt-N,S-pCNFs offers better ORR, OER, HER and hydrogen adsorption density. 64 As seen in the spectrum of Pt 4f, which can be deconvoluted into two pairs of doublets (Fig. 5(e)), the peak binding energies of Pt 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 at 70.3 eV and 73.8 eV, respectively, coincide with the sharp doublet, which is close to the values of metallic Pt (0).…”

Synthesis of P, S, N, Triple‐Doped Porous Carbon from Steam Explosion Pretreated Peanut Shell as Electrode Material Applied on Supercapacitor

“…Table 1 showed the structure parameters of P‐PSC, PN‐PSC and PSN‐PSC. The specific surface area and total pore volume of PSN‐PSC (2046.54 m 2 g −1 and 1.01 cm 3 g −1 ) were larger than that of P‐PSC (310.25 m 2 g −1 and 0.46 cm 3 g −1 ) and PN‐PSC (540.17 m 2 g −1 , 0.43 cm 3 g −1 ), which was possibly on account of the synergistic effect of potassium phosphate activation and thiourea addition due to the pore‐forming effect of gases released from thermolabile thiourea [41] . In summary, the results manifested that addition of thiourea ensured the samples possessed rational pore distribution and super high specific surface area.…”

“…The specific surface area and total pore volume of PSN-PSC (2046.54 m 2 g À 1 and 1.01 cm 3 g À 1 ) were larger than that of P-PSC (310.25 m 2 g À 1 and 0.46 cm 3 g À 1 ) and PN-PSC (540.17 m 2 g À 1 , 0.43 cm 3 g À 1 ), which was possibly on account of the synergistic effect of potassium phosphate activation and thiourea addition due to the pore-forming effect of gases released from thermolabile thiourea. [41] In summary, the results manifested that addition of thiourea ensured the samples possessed rational pore distribution and super high specific surface area. It will be beneficial for the transportation and diffusion of ions in electrolyte to the interface of the electrode, thus improving the electro-chemical property, especially rate capability.…”