Thiazole Heterocycle: An Incredible and Potential Scaffold in Drug Discovery and Development of Antitubercular Agents

Abstract

In 2020, 15 million people were diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB), and 2.4 million died. Additionally, the TB situation is worse with multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended‐drug resistance (XDR)‐TB. Research into innovative anti‐tubercular drugs with improved MDR‐TB activity, lower toxicity, and shorter therapy duration is crucial for solving this issue. Fortunately, numerous novel potential anti‐tubercular candidates are currently under clinical trials. Most of these candidates have five‐membered rings and are most likely effective against sensitive and resistant strains. This review discusses current developments in the five‐membered heterocyclic thiazole ring, emphasizing its anti‐tubercular properties, toxicity, structure‐activity relationship, and mechanism of action. Thiazole ring has a wide range of biological activities and thus gained much synthetic interest. Due to the popularity of thiazole as an anti‐tubercular moiety, it combined with other medicinally active chemical functionality and nuclei to design and synthesize novel hybrid analogues with maximum activity and minimal toxicity. In this review we have done the literature survey of the past 10 years, and compiled the structural and functional studies of thiazole as an anti‐tubercular agent with its potent chemical entities showing prominent pharmacological action.