Thiamine deficiency in dogs and cats

Markovich, Jessica E.; Heinze, Cailin R.; Freeman, Lisa M.

doi:10.2460/javma.243.5.649

Cited by 32 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, microbe-derived vitamins may be of particular importance when diets are deficient in these vitamins. Thiamine deficiency has been reported in cats and has largely been attributed to heat treatment during the canning process1314. While it has been suggested that kibbled diets may increase thiamine requirements due to their high carbohydrate content14, recent literature suggests that thiamine concentrations in canned food may be below the recommended amounts for adult cats15.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and post-weaning diet alters the faecal metagenome in the cat with differences in vitamin and carbohydrate metabolism gene abundances

Young

Moon

Thomas

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Dietary format, and its role in pet nutrition, is of interest to pet food manufacturers and pet owners alike. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pre- and post-weaning diets (kibbled or canned) on the composition and function of faecal microbiota in the domestic cat by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and gene taxonomic and functional assignment using MG-RAST. Post-weaning diet had a dramatic effect on community composition; 147 of the 195 bacterial species identified had significantly different mean relative abundances between kittens fed kibbled and canned diets. The kittens fed kibbled diets had relatively higher abundances of Lactobacillus (>100-fold), Bifidobacterium (>100-fold), and Collinsella (>9-fold) than kittens fed canned diets. There were relatively few differences in the predicted microbiome functions associated with the pre-weaning diet. Post-weaning diet affected the abundance of functional gene groups. Genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, metabolism, and transport, were significantly enriched in the metagenomes of kittens fed the canned diet. The impact of post-weaning diet on the metagenome in terms of vitamin biosynthesis functions suggests that modulation of the microbiome function through diet may be an important avenue for improving the nutrition of companion animals.

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confidence: 99%

Pre- and post-weaning diet alters the faecal metagenome in the cat with differences in vitamin and carbohydrate metabolism gene abundances

Young

Moon

Thomas

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The dog has now completely recovered. Discussion In dogs and cats the risk factors for developing TD include an inadequate intake of thiamine due to an incomplete or unbalanced commercial diet, the presence of thiaminase in food, and inadequate food storage by the owner as the vitamin could be susceptible to heat, humidity and exposure to the air (Markovich et al, 2013). Medications (e.g., diuretics) may potentiate the urinary excretion of vitamin B1 (Sica, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…energy metabolism) and is the most abundant form of thiamine in the body (>80%) (Manzetti et al, 2014). In animals the phosphorylated form of thiamine is the most biologically active form within the body (Markovich et al, 2013) but TPP is only available intracellularly (Manzetti et al, 2014), and transfer across the membrane takes place after conversion back to the TMP and T + forms (Manzetti et al, 2014). The biological behaviour of TPP, and the impossibility to know the specific physiologic TPP range of this dog may explain why the blood level of TPP in our dog was normal despite the extremely low levels of thiamine and TMP.…”

Section: Fig 1 First Magnetic Resonance Images Of the Brain Transvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first, clinical signs are vague and non-specific and, if not treated, dogs may rapidly show sign of encephalopathy characterized by altered mental status, central vestibular signs, mydriasis and blindness, cervical ventroflexion (only in cats), seizures, coma and even death (Platt and Garosi, 2012). Classically reported MRI findings associated with vitamin B1 deficiency are characterized by bilateral symmetrical signal changes in the brainstem nuclei and caudal colliculi of the midbrain (Garosi et al, 2003) that microscopically correspond to areas of cerebral oedema, endothelial proliferation, neuronal necrosis, and myelin degeneration (Markovich et al, 2013). In this paper the authors describe the clinical signs, MRI findings, treatment, clinical and imaging follow up in a dog with a novel encephalopathy associated with TD which differ from the clinical and imaging presentation of classical thiamine-related disorders reported to date in small animal veterinary literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel encephalopathy in a thiamine-deficient dog resembling human Wernicke’s disease with atypical MRI pattern

Gernone¹,

Ricciardi²

2017

Open Vet J.

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Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin, which participates in several vital metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis of mammals. In companion animals thiamine deficiency is classically associated with signs of diffuse encephalopathy and lesions on brainstem nuclei and mesencephalic colliculi evident on magnetic resonance imaging. This paper describes a novel clinical presentation in a thiamine-deficient dog showing multifocal, central and peripheral nervous and cardiovascular system alterations. Brain MRI showed bilateral caudate nuclei damage, with necrotic-malacic evolution, similar to the atypical MRI pattern found in Wernicke's encephalopathy in humans. Detection of bilateral symmetrical lesions of the caudate nuclei in dogs should prompt consideration of a thiamine deficiency among the differential diagnoses.

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“…However, if this does develop during progression to full RER, electrolytes should be supplemented intravenously but the percentage of RER should not be increased. Thiamine can be administered orally or subcutaneously; intravenous administration should not be used due to potential complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression and ganglionic blockade (Di Palma and Hitchcock 1958, Markovich and others 2013). Once potassium, phosphate and magnesium levels are normalised, the rate of enteral nutrition can be increased to full RER while these parameters are monitored.…”

Section: Feeding Plan and Monitoring For Complications And Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional support in the intensive care unit

Kathrani

2016

In Practice

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Nutritional assessment of companion animals is considered to be the fifth vital sign and nutritional support is an important aspect of care for animals in the intensive care unit (ICU). Malnutrition can develop quickly, even in adequately nourished but critically ill animals, and typically results from the type, severity and metabolic demands of the disease affecting the animal, demands from healing, and rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts, which could potentially result in deficiencies in micronutrients such as potassium and magnesium, and loss of specific vitamins and minerals. Adequate nutritional support can preserve lean body mass, facilitate wound healing, reverse the maladaptive metabolic response to injury, maintain organ function and reduce morbidity in critically ill animals. However, nutritional support, whether administered enterally or parenterally, can result in mechanical, infectious and metabolic complications. Therefore, the aims of nutritional support in the ICU include preserving lean body mass, correcting or preventing macro‐ or micronutrient deficiencies and preventing complications associated with the provision of nutritional support. This article discusses the whole procedure of nutritional intervention, from deciding which route to use to the selection of diets that can be fed and the support required for specific diseases and conditions.

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Thiamine deficiency in dogs and cats

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Pre- and post-weaning diet alters the faecal metagenome in the cat with differences in vitamin and carbohydrate metabolism gene abundances

Pre- and post-weaning diet alters the faecal metagenome in the cat with differences in vitamin and carbohydrate metabolism gene abundances

A novel encephalopathy in a thiamine-deficient dog resembling human Wernicke’s disease with atypical MRI pattern

Nutritional support in the intensive care unit

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