Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers: Synthesis, Structures/Properties, and Applications

Gong, Shun; Zhao, Shikun; Chen, Xiangyang; Liu, Huipeng; Deng, Jianping; Li, Suyuan; Feng, Xinxing; Li, Yucai; Wu, Xin; Pan, Kai

doi:10.1002/mame.202100568

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…2 TPEs such as poly(styrenebutadiene-b-styrene)s, poly(ether-urethane)s, 3 poly(esterether)s, 4 and poly(ether-amide)s have been widely used as films, gas-separation membranes, shape-memory materials, selfhealing materials, and sealing materials. 5 As is known to all, the chemical structure of TPEs is composed with alternating hard segments and soft segments. 6 The hard segments are supposed to have strong polar groups, such as urethane, urea, imide, amide, and ester 7,8 or be crystalline that act as physical crosslinking points, 9 which endow the elastomer with relatively outstanding mechanical and thermal performance, while the soft segments are usually composed of the oligomers with low glass transition temperature (T g ) such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), 10 polypropylene glycol (PPG), 11 and polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), 12 which endows the elastomer with excellent intrinsic viscoelasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As one of the most widely used polymer materials, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) exhibit elasticity at ambient temperature and can be processed easily by melt processing techniques or injection molding . TPEs such as poly(styrene-butadiene- b -styrene)s, poly(ether-urethane)s, poly(ester-ether)s, and poly(ether-amide)s have been widely used as films, gas-separation membranes, shape-memory materials, self-healing materials, and sealing materials . As is known to all, the chemical structure of TPEs is composed with alternating hard segments and soft segments .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-Aromatic Polyether Amide Thermoplastic Elastomer: Nucleophilic Substitution Polymerization and Properties

Wen

Li²,

Yang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Different from the traditional electrophilic polymerization method of thermoplastic elastomer, here, we adopted a new nucleophilic reaction route, which did not need extreme high temperature and vacuum condition to prepare a novel kind of semi-aromatic thermoplastic polyether amide elastomers. First, difluoro-terminated semi-aromatic di-amide monomer containing long chain ether (or 1,12-diaminododecane) was synthesized through facile interfacial electrophilic substitution reaction. Then, they were conducted to react with hydroquinone under atmospheric pressure to yield polyether amide elastomer. Additionally, a small amount of branched structure with trifluoro-terminated semi-aromatic amide monomer was designed and further introduced into the polymer chain to adjust the mechanical property. These semi-aromatic polyamide elastomers were found to have excellent thermal properties with glass transition temperature (T g) of −39.5 to −34.8 °C, melting temperature (T m) of 227.3–260.4 °C [which is much higher than that of the commercial products such as Pebax5533 (Arkema, Paris, France) (T m = 159 °C)], the 5% weight-loss temperature (T d,5%) of 376.3–408.7 °C, and Vicat softening temperature of 73.0–223.6 °C. The mechanical properties of these resultant elastomers were good and can be controlled with different copolymerization ratios of soft, hard, and branched segments. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity modulus were in the range of 9.8–23.4 MPa, 87.6–712.3%, and 30.8–362.0 MPa, respectively. Besides, such a series of copolymers showed a relatively low water absorption of 1.57–3.67%. Interestingly, it was found that these resultant polyether amide elastomers had better organic solvent resistance and acid–base corrosion than the traditional TPAE-containing ester bond (−COO−) in the polymer molecular chain. It can be potentially applied in the chemical mechanical seal, especially in the high temperature and corrosion environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Aromatic Polyether Amide Thermoplastic Elastomer: Nucleophilic Substitution Polymerization and Properties

Wen

Li²,

Yang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…PAEs are mainly block copolymers based on a high melting point hard segment of polyamide and a low glass transition temperature soft segment, mainly polyether or polyester. [6][7][8] As a high-performance thermoplastic elastomer material with good heat and corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties, PAE is widely used in biomedical, spinning, catheter and other industries. 9 The solubility parameter is the key parameter for calculating the crosslink density by equilibrium swelling method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyamide elastomers (PAEs) have become an important member of the thermoplastic elastomer family due to their excellent processing and mechanical properties. PAEs are mainly block copolymers based on a high melting point hard segment of polyamide and a low glass transition temperature soft segment, mainly polyether or polyester 6–8 . As a high‐performance thermoplastic elastomer material with good heat and corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties, PAE is widely used in biomedical, spinning, catheter and other industries 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novelty role of polyamide elastomer in the determination of crosslink density and the formation of crosslink network of EPDM vulcanizates

Hao

Kadlčák²,

Xu³

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The effect of polyamide elastomer (PAE) on the crosslink network of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) was systematically investigated by using equilibrium swelling method and rheological experiment. The swelling systems of the EPDM‐PAE vulcanizates were discussed by classification way. The results showed that PAE was involved in the construction of the crosslink network and decreases the chemical crosslink density and the total crosslink degree of EPDM vulcanizate. By linearly fitting the relationship between chemical crosslink density and total crosslink degree, the physical crosslink degrees of EPDM, EPDM‐PAE and PAE were estimated as 9.135, 2.934, and 0.820 dNm, respectively. The physical crosslink degree of EPDM vulcanizates was mainly contributed by the entanglement of rubber macromolecular chains. By contrast, the interaction of the inter‐macromolecular chains of EPDM‐PAE and the physical crosslink of PAE itself contributed less to the physical crosslink degree of EPDM vulcanizates. With the increase of aging time under 150°C, the roles of PAE in continuously promoting the crosslink reaction and leading to the degradation of crosslink network resulted in various changes in crosslink density and mechanical properties. It could be expected from this study that the construction of the crosslink network of EPDM‐PAE composite was unique, which provided a novel perspective on the microscopic crosslink structures and macroscopic properties of EPDM‐PAE based products.

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“…Amines are essential bioactive compounds in nature, but also the synthesis of industrial products such as pharmaceuticals [1][2][3][4] and polymers. [5][6][7][8] Amines are also important as reagents in organic chemistry. [9][10][11] The reductive amination of aldehydes is a pivotal method in organic synthesis [12] because of the mild reaction conditions, the high atom economy and the abundance of available substrates [13] such as ketones [14,15] though less reactive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave‐Assisted Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones Over Rhodium‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2023

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Microwave (MW)‐assisted reductive aminations of aldehydes and ketones were carried out in the presence of commercial and homemade heterogeneous Rh‐based catalysts. Ultrasound (US) was used to improve dispersion and stability of metal nanoparticles, while commercial activated carbon and carbon nanofibers were used as supports. Moreover, various bio‐derived molecules were selected as substrates, and aqueous ammonia was used as a cheap and non‐toxic reagent. MW combined with heterogeneous Rh catalysts gave a 98.2 % yield in benzylamine at 80 °C with 10 bar H2 for 1 h; and a 43.3 % yield in phenylethylamine at 80 °C and 5 bar H2 for 2 h. Carbon nanofibers proved to be a better support for the metal active phase than simple activated carbon, since a limited yield in benzylamine (10.6 %) but a high selectivity for the reductive amination of ketones was obtained. Thus, raspberry ketone was converted to raspberry amine in a 63.0 % yield.

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Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers: Synthesis, Structures/Properties, and Applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 103 publications

Semi-Aromatic Polyether Amide Thermoplastic Elastomer: Nucleophilic Substitution Polymerization and Properties

Semi-Aromatic Polyether Amide Thermoplastic Elastomer: Nucleophilic Substitution Polymerization and Properties

The novelty role of polyamide elastomer in the determination of crosslink density and the formation of crosslink network of EPDM vulcanizates

Microwave‐Assisted Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones Over Rhodium‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts

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