Thermogravimetric Analysis of a Cellulosic Fabric Incorporated with Ammonium Iron (II)-Sulfate Hexahydrate as a Flame-retardant

Mostashari, Seyed Morteza; Moafi, Hadi Fallah

doi:10.1177/1528083707078196

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In TGA analysis, it is widely reported that the primary thermal decomposition of cellulosic material occurs between 200 °C and 400 °C, while the initial decomposition takes place in the amorphous regions. [38][39] From the data shown in Figure 6, the main degradation step (T max corresponds to a huge weight loss) is found between 300 °C and 350 °C for bleached whole wood pulp, and from 250 °C to 300 °C for unbleached whole wood pulp. Also, the thermal stability of the bleached pulp is found to be very low (between 380 °C and 600 °C), compared to unbleached pulp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Subabul Heartwood and Sapwood Pulps After Cooking and Bleaching

Pydimalla¹,

REDDY²,

Adusumalli³

2019

Cellulose Chem. Technol.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of cooking temperature (165 °C, 140 °C) on subabul heartwood and sapwood pulps separately, and the effect of bleaching on the mixed subabul wood pulp. The pulps cooked at 165 °C had high cellulose content, high water retention value and low lignin content, compared to those obtained at 140 °C. Microscopic analysis confirmed the integrity of the pulps obtained at 140 °C, while those cooked at 165 °C presented loose and collapsed fibres. The water retention value and the cellulose and ash contents of sapwood pulp were much higher in comparison to those of heartwood pulp, for both temperatures, and it could be due to the differences in their lignin and extractive contents. Bleached pulp had high cellulose content, high brightness and was thermally stable up to 300 °C. For packaging applications requiring processing temperatures of up to 600 °C, unbleached fibres are recommended due to the integrity of their cell wall. UV-visible spectroscopy data revealed that 2 h cooking time was sufficient for effective removal of lignin from the heartwood, but the situation was different in the case of sapwood.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Subabul Heartwood and Sapwood Pulps After Cooking and Bleaching

Pydimalla¹,

REDDY²,

Adusumalli³

2019

Cellulose Chem. Technol.

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“…The onset of decomposition was raised gradually from 250 C. After 300 C, the major decomposition started, and it reached the decomposition transition at 380 C. Although the exact temperature ranges of pyrolysis vary depending on the composition of cellulosic material and experimental conditions, it is carried out at three stages always [22,23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulosic tent fabric coated with boron nitride nanosheets

Yaraş¹,

Çelikkan

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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This study concerns with the preparation of flame retardant and hydrophobic cellulosic fabric by using hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNs). h-BNNs were prepared from hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) using two different exfoliation methods. These methods include direct sonication (aq-BNNs) and sonication after pretreatment with Hummers method (Hum-BNNs) in aqueous medium. The characterization of h-BNNs was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limited oxygen index (LOI), and water contact angle (WCA) analysis. The surface morphologies of h-BNNs were investigated via atomic force microscope (AFM). The coating with the h-BNNs was proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hummers method is considered to be more effective reaction by gained functionality to h-BN structure. In this way, it will easily provide physical or chemical interaction between the functionalized h-BN and cellulosic structure. A nanometric-sized large layers and slightly functionalized h-BNNs were obtained using Hummers method. Hum-BNNs dispersions were sprayed onto the surface of cellulosic tent fabric to show flame retardance properties. However, it was observed that the flame retardant effect of nanolayered h-BNNs prepared by both methods were insufficient. In addition, ultrahydrophobic surfaces were almost obtained using aq-BNNs and Hum-BNNs. It was conclusively proposed that a few amounts of Hum-BNNs can be used as hydrophobic coating for cellulosic fabric surface with this way.

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“…A vertical flammability test method similar to the procedure described in DOC FF3-77 (U.S. Department of Commerce Standard) [22] was used. The full description of flammability testing has been demonstrated in previous investigations [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Briefly, specimens of size 220 mm × 80 mm were conditioned for 24 h at a relative humidity of 65 ± 2% and an average temperature which ranged between 20°C and 22°C prior to their evaluation.…”

Section: Flammability Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-resistant polymeric composite fibers based on nanocoating flame retardant: thermogravimetric study and production of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles by flame combustion

Moafi

Mostashari

2014

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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In this work, we investigated the effect of aluminum chloride hexahydrate as a flame retardant coating on the flammability of cellulosic and polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) fibers. The samples were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, vertical flammability test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG). Aluminum chloride hexahydrate < 100 nm in size has been found to form continuous and dispersed particles coatings on the fibers surface which shows efficient flame retardant properties. The optimum loadings to impart flame retardant properties were about 8.73-9.93% for cellulosic fiber and 20.30-23.48% for polyester fiber. Flame retardant activity was tested by a vertical flammability tester and LOI. XRD results of ashes revealed that after combustion of the treated specimens, the existence of α-Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles was detected in the ashes of treated samples. TGA/DTG of pure, treated fibers and the salt was accomplished, and thermograms were compared and discussed. The results obtained are in favor of the free radical theory and also the dust or wall effect theory.

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Thermogravimetric Analysis of a Cellulosic Fabric Incorporated with Ammonium Iron (II)-Sulfate Hexahydrate as a Flame-retardant

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Characterization of Subabul Heartwood and Sapwood Pulps After Cooking and Bleaching

Characterization of Subabul Heartwood and Sapwood Pulps After Cooking and Bleaching

Cellulosic tent fabric coated with boron nitride nanosheets

Flame-resistant polymeric composite fibers based on nanocoating flame retardant: thermogravimetric study and production of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles by flame combustion

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