Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends

Manias, Evangelos; Utracki, L. A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6064-6_4

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 347 publications

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“…A similar trend has also been observed for blends of NR with high vinyl SBR or BR [37,39,40]. The observation of LCST has been attributed to the weakening of the specific interactions between the components and the increased contribution of the free volume effects with changing temperature [41]. Thus, phase separation might be promoted in the NR/SBR blends studied in this work during curing, due to the high temperature process.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Phase Morphology of NR/SBR Blends: Effect of Curing Temperature and Curing Time

2018

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The morphology of natural rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber blends (NR/SBR) was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), with regard to curing temperature and curing time. The changes in blend morphology were directly visualized by AFM which confirmed the results of indirect experiments like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Comparing the phase morphologies at different curing temperatures indicated that the domain size of SBR increases with temperature at lower curing temperatures, but domain growing stops at the latest scorch time. This effect is explained by longer scorch times at low curing temperatures which facilitate phase separation, while the short scorch times at higher temperatures meant that the coalescence of SBR phases was hindered by cross-linking between polymer chains.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Phase Morphology of NR/SBR Blends: Effect of Curing Temperature and Curing Time

2018

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“…This is done by counting the number of ways solvent molecules and polymer segments, or two different polymer segments can be accommodated on a lattice. According to the Flory-Huggins theory, ∆G mix is generally defined as [40]:…”

Section: Theoretical Background Of Polymer Blends and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first two logarithmic terms of the Flory-Huggins-Equation give the combinatorial entropy of mixing, which, by definition of Φ, is negative and always promotes mixing, while the third term is the enthalpy of mixing [40,41].…”

Section: Theoretical Background Of Polymer Blends and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Polymer-Based Multilayer Packaging: A Review

2017

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Abstract:Polymer-based multilayer packaging materials are commonly used in order to combine the respective performance of different polymers. By this approach, the tailored functionality of packaging concepts is created to sufficiently protect sensitive food products and thus obtain extended shelf life. However, because of their poor recyclability, most multilayers are usually incinerated or landfilled, counteracting the efforts towards a circular economy and crude oil independency. This review depicts the current state of the European multilayer packaging market and sketches the current end-of-life situation of postconsumer multilayer packaging waste in Germany. In the main section, a general overview of the state of research about material recycling of different multilayer packaging systems is provided. It is divided into two subsections, whereby one describes methods to achieve a separation of the different components, either by delamination or the selective dissolution-reprecipitation technique, and the other describes methods to achieve recycling by compatibilization of nonmiscible polymer types. While compatibilization methods and the technique of dissolution-reprecipitation are already extensively studied, the delamination of packaging has not been investigated systematically. All the presented options are able to recycle multilayer packaging, but also have drawbacks like a limited scope or a high expenditure of energy.

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“…The ability of TPEs to phase segregate results from the thermodynamic incompatibility between the two blocks. Indeed, considering the block copolymers as a binary blend of soft and hard blocks, the system can be described based on Flory-Huggins' theory [18,19] by the change of free enthalpy ,∆GM, expressed in the following equation by:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of solubility parameters to investigate phase separation-morphology-mechanical behavior relationships of TPU

Gallu

Méchin

Dalmas

et al. 2020

Polymer

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This study proposes a thorough investigation, especially based on thermodynamics, to predict phase separation in a linear thermoplastic polyurethane, denoted TPU, prepared from fatty acid-based soft segments and MDI (4,4'-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate))/BDO (1,4-butanediol) hard segments and specially designed for bitumen modification. Hansen' solubility parameters (HSP) of both segments are evaluated to predict their compatibility. The later ones are evaluated either individually from the corresponding segment synthesized separately or from a decomposition of the solubility diagram of the TPUs into two distinct spheres. In a second step, phase separation is experimentally analyzed by combining differential scanning calorimetry, microscopy techniques, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The microstructure of the TPUs is described considering one soft phase

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Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends

Cited by 44 publications

References 347 publications

Phase Morphology of NR/SBR Blends: Effect of Curing Temperature and Curing Time

Phase Morphology of NR/SBR Blends: Effect of Curing Temperature and Curing Time

Recycling of Polymer-Based Multilayer Packaging: A Review

On the use of solubility parameters to investigate phase separation-morphology-mechanical behavior relationships of TPU

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