Thermal radiation from CN+ and La@CN+

Abstract

The radiative cooling of positively charged fullerene and endohedral fullerene fragments of C60, C70, C84, and La@C82 has been measured in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The radiative cooling is measured via its influence on the metastable decay. The emissivity extracted from the data is between 4x10(-4) and 13x10(-4). These values agree fairly well with the emissivity calculated from considering the low-energy tail of the surface plasmon. No major difference is found in the emission behavior of empty and endohedral fullerenes.

Thermal radiation of laser heated niobium clusters ${\rm Nb}_N^+$ Nb N+, 8 ⩽ N ⩽ 22

“…(15) with a constant is justified because the abundance envelope distribution is broad, indicating an equally broad initial energy distribution. 8,21 To convert the temperatures that appear in Eq. (15) to the corresponding energies E m (t i ), the caloric curve is required.…”

“…Thermal radiation and thermionic emission have been established as important decay channels for highly excited clusters of refractory materials. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Both thermal electron and photon emission are of potential technological interest, in connection with electron emitting devices or incandescent light sources. 10 In addition to possible applications, it is also of fundamental interest to study the competition between the different decay mechanisms of highly excited clusters.…”

The stability of singly and multiply charged La@C80 and La@C82 ions determined from kinetic energy release measurements

“…This has implications for our knowledge of the thermal emissivity ε th of metallofullerenes. Recent experiments by the Gothenborg group [22] show that the quantity ε th × D 3 n is practically the same for La@C n + and C n + , within the experimental uncertainty. A large difference between the dissociation energies of La@C 82 + and C 82 + by 26% [24] would therefore imply that the thermal emissivity of the metallofullerene is reduced by a factor of two.…”

“…It has also been subject of several investigations in the gas phase [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In several of these studies, decay channels for highly excited La@C 82 and La@C 82 + were characterized, such as electron emission [19], fragmentation [16][17][18][19][20][21]23], and radiation [22]. However, in only one of these studies [24] it was attempted to determine the stability of La@C 82 + in a quantitative way, by measuring the activation energy, or "dissociation energy" D for the reaction:…”

“…It was among the first metallofullerenes to be isolated [13]; since then it has been characterized by a variety of physical methods (see [2][3][4][5]14] and references therein). It has also been subject of several investigations in the gas phase [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In several of these studies, decay channels for highly excited La@C 82 and La@C 82 + were characterized, such as electron emission [19], fragmentation [16][17][18][19][20][21]23], and radiation [22].…”