Thermal properties, miscibility and specific interactions in comparison of linear and star poly(methyl methacrylate) blend with phenolic

Huang, Chih‐Feng; Kuo, Shiao‐Wei; Lin, Han-Ching; Chen, Jem-Kun; Chen, Yukai; Xu, Hongyao; Chang, Feng‐Chih

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.043

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This positive deviation of T g has been observed in many polymer blends, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(styrene‐ co ‐ p ‐hydroxystyrene) (PHS), poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)/PVPh, and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI)/PVPh blends [18–20]. However, it should be noted that negative deviation of T g has also been found in many polymer blends, such as PCL/PVPh, PCL/phenoxy, and PMMA/phenolic blends [21, 22]. The negative deviation of T g usually indicates that there exists intermolecular interaction within the blends, and the intermolecular interaction is weaker than the intramolecular one [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility and crystallization of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(vinyl phenol) blends

Cai

Qiu

2011

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Miscibility and crystallization of biodegradable poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx)/poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh) blends were investigated in this work. PHBHHx is miscible with PVPh over the whole composition range as evidenced by the single composition dependent glass transition temperature and the depression of equilibrium melting point of PHBHHx in the blends. The overall crystallization rates decrease with increasing crystallization temperature for both neat PHBHHx and its blends with PVPh; moreover, the overall crystallization rates are slower in the PHBHHx/PVPh blends than in neat PHBHHx at the same crystallization temperature. Blending with PVPh may change the crystallization mechanism of PHBHHx in the blends compared with that of neat PHBHHx. Both neat PHBHHx and the PHBHHx/PVPh blends exhibit a crystallization regime II to III transition. The crystal structure of PHBHHx is not modified in the PHBHHx/PVPh blends; however, the values of crystal layer thickness, amorphous layer thickness, and long period all become larger with increasing PVPh content in the blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility and crystallization of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(vinyl phenol) blends

Cai

Qiu

2011

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Phenolic/PMMA systems are also miscible blends that have been studied extensively [24,25]. In a previous study, we determined a value of K A of 20 directly through a least-squares fitting procedure based on the fraction of hydrogen-bonded C=O groups measured experimentally in a binary phenolic/PMMA blend [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Screening Effect of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) Nanoparticles on Hydrogen Bonded Polymer Blends

et al. 2014

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Abstract:In this study we used anionic living polymerization to prepare two different homopolymers: a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a PMMA derivative presenting polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PMA-POSS) units as its side chains. We then employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) to investigate the miscibility and specific interactions of PMMA and PMA-POSS with three hydrogen bonding donor compounds: poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh), phenolic resin, and bisphenol A (BPA). DSC revealed that all of the PVPh/PMMA, phenolic/PMMA, and BPA/PMMA blends exhibited a single glass transition temperature, characteristic of miscible systems; FTIR spectroscopic analyses revealed that such miscibility resulted from hydrogen bonding interactions between the C=O groups of PMMA and the OH groups of these three hydrogen bonding donor compounds. In contrast, all of the PVPh/PMA-POSS, phenolic/PMA-POSS, and BPA/PMA-POSS blends were immiscible: DSC revealed two OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2014, 6 927 glass transition temperatures arising from strong screening effects (FTIR spectroscopy) and high degrees of aggregation (WAXD) of the POSS nanoparticles. We propose that the value of the intramolecular screening effect (γ) should be very close to 1 for all PMA-POSS blend systems when POSS nanoparticles appear as the side chains of PMMA, such that the OH groups of the hydrogen bonding donor compounds cannot interact with the C=O groups of PMA-POSS.

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“…[ 21 ] With PEO 125 ‐ b ‐PMMA 114 as the template, they obtained mesoporous carbons having large surface areas (>1500 m 2 g −1 ) and pores (≈10 nm) [ 22 ] when applying resol as the carbon source. Mesoporous carbons with smaller pores but thicker walls were obtained when using PEO‐ b ‐PMMA as the template, rather than PEO‐ b ‐PS, because the phenolic OH units could interact strongly with the PEO segment (inter‐association equilibrium constant ( K A ) = 286) [ 23 ] and weakly with the PMMA CO units ( K A = 20) [ 24,25 ] through hydrogen bonding, but not with the hydrophobic PS segment. Indeed, the PS block segment would undergo complete microphase separation from the miscible phenolic/PEO domains and, thereby, induce larger pores and thinner walls from the phenolic matrix after the removal of the template.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying the Hydrogen Bonding Strength in Phenolic/PEO‐b‐PLA Blends Provides Mesoporous Carbons Having Large Accessible Pores Suitable for Energy Storage

Lee

Ahmed

et al. 2020

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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as efficient electron transfer media to improve the performance of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). [9] Furthermore, the blending of a self-assembled block copolymer with the carbon source (e.g., phenolic resin) is becoming more widespread. This method has the advantage of providing well-ordered mesoporous structures that can be used efficiently in various applications. [10,11] Typically, a block copolymer that forms a self-assembled structure is mixed with a carbon source to obtain various dimensional carbon structures. The blending of a commercial Pluronic-type triblock copolymer, such as poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxideb-ethylene oxide), as the template is the method used most widely to prepare mesoporous materials. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Because of limitations in molecular weight and composition, it can, however, be difficult to prepare mesoporous materials having pore sizes of greater than 10 nm when using Pluronic-type triblock copolymers. Block copolymers featuring long hydrophobic segments and high molecular weight-for instance, poly(ethylene oxideb-styrene) (PEO-b-PS) [20,21] and poly(ethylene oxide-b-methyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PMMA) [22] -are promising candidates as templates to prepare large-pore-size mesoporous carbons. For example, Zhao et al. prepared mesoporous carbons with long-range order, large surface areas (>1500 m 2 g −1 ), and large pores (≈23 nm) when using PEO 125 -b-PS 230 as the template as displayed in Scheme S1a-c in the Supporting Information. [21] With PEO 125 -b-PMMA 114 as the template, they obtained mesoporous carbons having large surface areas (>1500 m 2 g −1 ) and pores (≈10 nm) [22] when applying resol as the carbon source. Mesoporous carbons with smaller pores but thicker walls were obtained when using PEO-b-PMMA as the template, rather than PEO-b-PS, because the phenolic OH units could interact strongly with the PEO segment (interassociation equilibrium constant (K A ) = 286) [23] and weakly with the PMMA CO units (K A = 20) [24,25] through hydrogen bonding, but not with the hydrophobic PS segment. Indeed, the PS block segment would undergo complete microphase In this study, mesoporous carbons are prepared by using a resol-type phenolic resin as the carbon source and poly(ethylene oxide-b-lactic acid) (PEO-b-PLA) copolymer as the template, with a process of thermal curing, calcination, carbonization, and activation. The structures of these mesoporous carbons are strongly influenced by the self-assembled structures formed from phenolic/PEO-b-PLA blends, varying from double-gyroid, to cylinder, and finally to spherical micelle structures upon increasing the phenolic concentrations. The large pores (>20 nm) and high surface areas (>1000 m 2 g −1 ) of these activated mesoporous carbons arise because the phenolic resin interacts only with the PEO segment (i.e., not with the PLA segment) through hydrogen bonding; thus, the relative wall thickness of the phenolic matrix decreases after template removal (thereby increasing the pore size), similar to the beha...

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Thermal properties, miscibility and specific interactions in comparison of linear and star poly(methyl methacrylate) blend with phenolic

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Miscibility and crystallization of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(vinyl phenol) blends

Miscibility and crystallization of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(vinyl phenol) blends

Strong Screening Effect of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) Nanoparticles on Hydrogen Bonded Polymer Blends

Varying the Hydrogen Bonding Strength in Phenolic/PEO‐b‐PLA Blends Provides Mesoporous Carbons Having Large Accessible Pores Suitable for Energy Storage

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