Thermal Imaging to Assess Age-Related Changes of Skin Temperature within the Supraclavicular Region Co-Locating with Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Children

Symonds, Michael; Henderson, Katrina; Elvidge, Lindsay; Bosman, Conrad; Sharkey, Don; Perkins, Alan C.; Budge, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.04.056

Cited by 138 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We found that glucagon and cold exposure induced a similar acute rise in EE in humans, but in this setting only cold exposure, and not glucagon, induced the activity of supraclavicular BAT in adult humans measured using either 18 F-FDG-PET/CT or thermal imaging. We also found that, although cold exposure was capable of increasing sympathetic activation (as determined by steady-state norepinephrine levels), glucagon infusion did not significantly alter circulating norepinephrine levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In human studies, Jang et al [17] reported that a temperature difference between the neck and sternum of 0.9 ∘ C had a positive predictive value of 85% for the presence of supraclavicular BAT, Symonds et al [18] recorded rises of 0.5 ∘ C in supraclavicular temperature in children after mild cold exposure, and Boon et al [27] reported a 0.4 ∘ C cold-induced supraclavicular skin temperature rise, which positively correlated with 18 F-FDG-PET/CT quantification of underlying BAT. In the present study all eight subjects who had BAT activation after cold exposure as determined by 18 F-FDG-PET/CT also showed a rise in neck temperature, as determined by thermal imaging during cold exposure, although the correlation between PET-quantified BAT mass and cold-induced neck temperature rise was not significant in the present cohort (data not shown). We also observed that the rise in neck temperature occurs within the first 10 min after cold exposure and remains elevated for the duration of the exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each subject underwent measurement of resting metabolic rate (RMR) using an indirect calorimeter (Gas Exchange Monitor; GEM Nutrition, Daresbury, UK) at the start and end of three separate interventions: cold exposure, glucagon infusion in a warm room and vehicle infusion in a warm room. During these visits, we also used infra-red thermography of the neck, which has recently been reported to be a reliable method of measuring BAT thermogenesis [17,18]. The calorimetry/thermal imaging visits were randomly assigned and are summarized below:…”

Section: Study Visitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This BAT-positive cohort then participated in a 5th study day, when a second 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan was performed, randomized to either: 18 F-FDG PET/CT with a 55-min glucagon infusion at 50 ng/kg/min at 23 ∘ C (n = 4) or 18 F-FDG PET/CT with a 55-min vehicle infusion at 23 ∘ C (n = 4).…”

Section: Study Visitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucagon increases energy expenditure independently of brown adipose tissue activation in humans

Izzi‐Engbeaya¹,

Salem²,

Atkar³

et al. 2015

EJEA

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Aims:To investigate, for a given energy expenditure (EE) rise, the differential effects of glucagon infusion and cold exposure on brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in humans.Methods: Indirect calorimetry and supraclavicular thermography was performed in 11 healthy male volunteers before and after: cold exposure; glucagon infusion (at 23 ∘ C); and vehicle infusion (at 23 ∘ C). All volunteers underwent 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scanning with cold exposure. Subjects with cold-induced BAT activation on 18 F-FDG PET/CT (n = 8) underwent a randomly allocated second 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan (at 23 ∘ C), either with glucagon infusion (n = 4) or vehicle infusion (n = 4). Results:We observed that EE increased by 14% after cold exposure and by 15% after glucagon infusion (50 ng/kg/min; p < 0.05 vs control for both).Cold exposure produced an increase in neck temperature (+0.44 ∘ C; p < 0.001 vs control), but glucagon infusion did not alter neck temperature. In subjects with a cold-induced increase in the metabolic activity of supraclavicular BAT on 18 F-FDG PET/CT, a significant rise in the metabolic activity of BAT after glucagon infusion was not detected. Cold exposure increased sympathetic activation, as measured by circulating norepinephrine levels, but glucagon infusion did not. Conclusions:Glucagon increases EE by a similar magnitude compared with cold activation, but independently of BAT thermogenesis. This finding is of importance for the development of safe treatments for obesity through upregulation of EE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Visitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Visitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Glucagon increases energy expenditure independently of brown adipose tissue activation in humans

Izzi‐Engbeaya¹,

Salem²,

Atkar³

et al. 2015

EJEA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The feasibility of obtaining results with IT makes it a promising and useful method, as demonstrated by a letter from Lee and Ho, which describes an increase in temperature in BAT correspondent areas after cold exposure and meals in humans (110). Studies in children with infrared thermography have also found promising results (111).…”

Section: New Imaging Methods For the Detection Of Brown Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Brown adipose tissue: what have we learned since its recent identification in human adults

Halpern

Mancini

Halpern

2014

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Brown adipose tissue, an essential organ for thermoregulation in small and hibernating mammals due to its mitochondrial uncoupling capacity, was until recently considered to be present in humans only in newborns. The identification of brown adipose tissue in adult humans since the development and use of positron emission tomography marked with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET-FDG) has raised a series of doubts and questions about its real importance in our metabolism. In this review, we will discuss what we have learnt since its identification in humans as well as both new and old concepts, some of which have been marginalized for decades, such as diet-induced thermogenesis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):889-99 Keywords Brown adipose tissue; obesity; thermogenesis; UCP-1; energy expenditure RESUMO O tecido adiposo marrom, órgão essencial para a termorregulação de animais hibernantes e pequenos devido à sua capacidade desacopladora, era até poucos anos considerado presente apenas em recém-nascidos na espécie humana. A identificação do tecido adiposo marrom em adultos com o desenvolvimento e uso da tomografia de emissão de pósitron marcado com 18-fluorodesoxiglicose (PET-FDG) gerou questões sobre sua real importância para nosso metabolismo. Nesta revisão, discutiremos o que aprendemos nesse tempo, assim como conceitos antigos e novos, alguns marginalizados por décadas, como a termogênese induzida por dieta. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):889-99 Descritores

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Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia

Lévy

Климова

Zakharova

et al. 2018

American J Hum Biol

105

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Objectives: This study provides the first investigation of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity among an indigenous circumpolar population, the Yakut of northeastern Siberia. The study also examines the health significance of BAT activity in this population by testing the relationships between BAT thermogenesis and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disease risk, such as percent body fat and blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Methods: Data were collected in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) for 31 men and 43 women. Change in energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis were quantified after a 30-minute mild cooling condition. Anthropometric dimensions, blood glucose, and lipid levels were also collected. Results: On average, the skin temperature of the supraclavicular area was constant after cooling while the skin temperature of a point on the sternum dropped significantly (P < .001), thus suggesting the presence of active supraclavicular BAT among Yakut adults. Participants with evidence of greater BAT thermogenesis exhibited a larger percent change in energy expenditure (% ΔEE) and an increase in respiratory quotient (RQ) after cooling (P ≤ .05). While there was no relationship between BAT activity and blood lipid levels, BAT thermogenesis was positively associated with blood glucose levels (P < .01). Conclusions: Yakut adults exhibit evidence of active BAT deposits. Given that there is a significant relationship between BAT activity and % ΔEE, it is possible that BAT plays a role in NST among Yakut adults. While the relationship between BAT and body composition is inconclusive, participants with greater BAT seemed to preferentially utilize glucose during cold stress exposure.

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Thermal Imaging to Assess Age-Related Changes of Skin Temperature within the Supraclavicular Region Co-Locating with Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Children

Cited by 138 publications

References 28 publications

Glucagon increases energy expenditure independently of brown adipose tissue activation in humans

Glucagon increases energy expenditure independently of brown adipose tissue activation in humans

Brown adipose tissue: what have we learned since its recent identification in human adults

Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio‐metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia

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