Thermal considerations in cooling large scale high compute density data centers

Patel, Chandrakant D.; Sharma, Ratnesh; Bash, Cullen; Beitelmal, Abdlmonem H.

doi:10.1109/itherm.2002.1012532

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Statistics pertaining to the energy consumption of data centers from several surveys are summarized in Figure 1, mainly covering the cost of computational and physical resources [7][8][9]. Server computation accounts for approximately 40% of total cost [10], the energy consumption of Research has revealed that a primary cause of the high energy consumption of air conditioning systems in data centers is inefficient airflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Thermal Distribution and Airflow for Efficient Energy Consumption in a Small Data Centers

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Data centers have become ubiquitous in the last few years in an attempt to keep pace with the processing and storage needs of the Internet and cloud computing. The steady growth in the heat densities of IT servers leads to a rise in the energy needed to cool them, and constitutes approximately 40% of the power consumed by data centers. However, many data centers feature redundant air conditioning systems that contribute to inefficient air distribution, which significantly increases energy consumption. This remains an insufficiently explored problem. In this paper, a typical, small data center with tiles for an air supply system with a raised floor is used. We use a fluent (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) to simulate thermal distribution and airflow, and investigate the optimal conditions of air distribution to save energy. The effects of the airflow outlet angle along the tile, the cooling temperature and the rate of airflow on the beta index as well as the energy utilization index are discussed, and the optimal conditions are obtained. The reasonable airflow distribution achieved using 3D CFD calculations and the parameter settings provided in this paper can help reduce the energy consumption of data centers by improving the efficiency of the air conditioning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Thermal Distribution and Airflow for Efficient Energy Consumption in a Small Data Centers

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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“…Academic work in data center infrastructure management includes research for specific areas, such as energy management systems [25]; distribution control systems [26]; modeling and control [27]; power efficiency [28][29]; power consumption models [30][31]; power management [32]; data center networks [33]; wireless network optimization [34][35][36]; thermal and computational fluid dynamics models [37][38]; wireless sensors for environmental monitoring [39]; power monitoring [40]; corrosion detection [41]; and improvement strategies, such as big data [42], genetic algorithms [43], and machine learning [44]. No previous work presents guidelines to develop a comprehensive data center monitoring and management system, considering recent advances in technology and the mission critical nature of this highly dynamic sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reliable, Non-Invasive Approach to Data Center Monitoring and Management

Levy¹,

Hallstrom²

2017

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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“…In most countries worldwide, a major portion of the electric power is generated from nonrenewable energy sources including coal, gas, and nuclear power, which degrade earth's atmosphere by green-house gas emissions. In this regard, energy conservation based on cooling systems for data centers can provide two-fold advantages, first by reducing electricity consumption and thus operational costs for thermal management and second by minimizing the carbon emissions in the environment (Patel et al, 2002;Moore et al;Schmidth et al, 2009). In the present paper, design, thermal analysis, and economics of the proposed heat-pipebased cold energy storage system are discussed in detail and compared with the existing chiller using a refrigeration system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Heat Pipe Application Including New Opportunities

Mochizuki¹,

Nguyen²,

Mashiko³

et al. 2011

Frontiers in Heat Pipes

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This paper contained a detail review of heat pipe application ranging from computer electronics to renewable energy. In computer electronics application, the trend of the computer processors performance and power consumption has been increased significantly each year. Heat dissipation has been increased but in contrast the size of die on the processor has been reduced or remained the same size due to nano-size circuit technology and thus the heat flux is critically high. The heat flux was about 10-15 W/cm 2 in the year 2000 and had reached over 100 W/cm 2 in 2010. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into how to extend the air cooling capability and maximize its performance by use of heat pipes.The global warming crisis is real, and it is a responsibility for all individuals to put forth effort to reduce and prevent further damage to the global environment. In most countries worldwide, the majority of electric power is generated from non-renewable energy sources including coal, gas, and nuclear power, which degrade earth's atmosphere by green house gas emissions. With the use of heat pipes can minimize carbon emissions to the environment. Some applications presented and discussed in this paper are collecting natural cold energy and storing it for cooling of data centers and agricultural products, cooling concentrated photo voltaic cells using Phase Change Material and night sky radiation cooling, use of heat pipes to prevent iceberg and glacier melting, collection of solar heat for road snow melting, use of large-scale heat pipes for extraction of geothermal heat, and use of ultra-large-scale heat pipes for cooling and maintaining the earth's temperature.

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Thermal considerations in cooling large scale high compute density data centers

Abstract: MOTIVATION

Cited by 96 publications

References 1 publication

Simulation of Thermal Distribution and Airflow for Efficient Energy Consumption in a Small Data Centers

Simulation of Thermal Distribution and Airflow for Efficient Energy Consumption in a Small Data Centers

A Reliable, Non-Invasive Approach to Data Center Monitoring and Management

A Review of Heat Pipe Application Including New Opportunities

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