Thermal behavior and flame retardancy of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) treated with Al(OH)₃ and ZnO

Abstract

Al(OH) 3 as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) was evaluated alone and with ZnO, using thermal analytical techniques, limiting oxygen index and smoke density rating tests. The thermal behavior and flammability of the samples treated with Al(OH) 3 and ZnO were studied by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energy was calculated by using the Vyazovkin model-free kinetic and Kissinger methods. The results showed that the flameretardant and smoke-suppressant properties of the samples treated with Al(OH) 3 and ZnO were related to the content of ZnO and the thermal effect during the process of thermal degradation of the samples.

Design and characterization of novel poly(vinyl chloride) nanocomposite films with zinc oxide immobilized with biocompatible citric acid

“…For all PVC/ZnO-CA NCs, LOI was calculated, and it was observed that incorporation of ZnO-CA NPs considerably increased LOI of PVC NCs (Table 2) [29].…”

The synergism of MgCO3 and 2ZnCO3·3ZnO·4H2O as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

“…Similar results are obtained in the SDR and the MSD experiment, when the ratio (w/w) of MgCO 3 and AZC is 2:1, the flexible PVC has the best smoke suppression; the SDR of the PVC sample was decreased from 86.9 to 68.3 % and the MSD was decreased from 100.0 to 92.6 %. Compared with the previous work[3,[9][10][11][12], the AZC can also obviously increase the effectiveness of MgCO 3 as flame retardants and smoke suppression for flexible PVC.Tab. 1.…”

“…Using coupling agents and synergists are good ways to solving these problems. The previous work showed that some synergistic flameretardants such as zinc borate [3], tin additives [9], metal chelates [10][11] and some other metal oxides [12][13] can enhance the effectiveness of Al(OH) 3 or Mg(OH) 2 and then decrease the loading level as flame retardant and smoke suppression for PVC. However, the synergism of MgCO 3 and AZC as flame retardants and smoke suppressant for flexible PVC has not been reported yet.…”

Montmorillonite as Flame Retardants for Flexible Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

“…Because of the high loading it is essential that good degree of flame retardancy be obtained, but mechanical properties decrease obviously. Using coupling agents and synergists are good ways to solving this problem [4][5][6]. Many elements, such as alloys, organic substances and inorganic compounds including antimony, tin, zinc, copper, iron and molybdenum, have been used in the flame retardation and smoke suppression of PVC.…”