The infrared spectra of matrix isolated fluoroacetic acid and chloroacetic acid were studied in solid Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices. The energies and spectra of possible conformers of fluoroacetic acid and chloroacetic acid were simulated by extensive ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-3 1 1G** (energies, geometries), MP2/6-3 1G** (barriers), and MP2/4-3 lG* (numerical frequencies) levels. The present calculations propose the existence of four distinct conformers. For fluoroacetic acid the two lowest energy conformers, i.e., Tt and Ct, were found to be present after deposition of the solids. These conformers differ by 180' rotation of the fluoromethyl group and for both conformers the carboxylic hydrogen atom is in cis position with respect to the C = O bond. In agreement with the experimental results, the ab initio calculated energy difference between Tt and Ct is ca. 1 kJ mol-', and the barrier for Tt -Ct interconversion is ca. 13 kJ mol-'. For chloroacetic acid three conformers were identified in the matrix spectra. The lowest energy form Tt and C, symmetry. The second lowest energy conformer Gt differs from Tt by rotation of the chloromethyl group about the C-C bond (dihedral angle C1-C-C-0 = 7 7 O ) . The observed data and the calculations predict consistently a barrier of ca. 5 kJ mol-1 for this interconversion. For both conformers the carboxylic hydrogen atom is in cis position with respect to the C=O bond. The third observed conformer is Cc with intramolecular hydrogen bonding C1-H.A normal coordinate analysis based on the ab initio calculated force field is presented for observed conformers and compared with the experimental spectra. The similarities with related molecules are discussed.