Therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Gupta, Ankur; Pradhan, Anish; Maurya, Vimal K.; Kumar, Sanjeev; Theengh, Angila; Puri, Bipin; Saxena, Shailendra K.

doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.04.026

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…13 Therefore, to combat the attachment, most of the therapeutics and vaccines approved for emergency use have been designed to neutralize the spike and ACE2 interactions. 14 Hence, understanding the mutational hotspots of Omicron is crucial in designing effective therapeutics and preventive strategies. The Omicron variant has at least 30 amino acid substitutions in the spike glycoprotein, three small deletions, and one tiny insertion where 15 of the mutations reside in the receptorbinding domain (RBD).…”

Section: Mutational Hotspots Of Omicronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern and its global perspective

Saxena

Kumar

Ansari

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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263

258

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As the latest identified novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variant of concern (VOC), the influence of Omicron on our globe grows promptly. Compared with the last VOC (Delta variant), more mutations were identified, which may address the characteristics of Omicron. Considering these crucial mutations and their implications including an increase in transmissibility, COVID‐19 severity, and reduction of efficacy of currently available diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics, Omicron has been classified as one of the VOC. Notably, 15 of these mutations reside in the receptor‐binding domain of spike glycoprotein, which may alter transmissibility, infectivity, neutralizing antibody escape, and vaccine breakthrough cases of COVID‐19. Therefore, our present study characterizes the mutational hotspots of the Omicron variant in comparison with the Delta variant of SARS‐CoV‐2. Furthermore, detailed information was analyzed to characterize the global perspective of Omicron, including transmission dynamic, effect on testing, and immunity, which shall promote the progress of the clinical application and basic research. Collectively, our data suggest that due to continuous variation in the spike glycoprotein sequences, the use of coronavirus‐specific attachment inhibitors may not be the current choice of therapy for emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs. Hence, we need to proceed with a sense of urgency in this matter.

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Section: Mutational Hotspots Of Omicronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern and its global perspective

Saxena

Kumar

Ansari

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

Self Cite

263

258

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“… 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 Both COVID‐19 patient sera and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) had lower results in neutralization studies, including mutations. 40 These findings indicate the vital function of the furin‐like cleavage site (FCS) in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, as well as the potential pitfalls of interpreting the results of studies on this virus. The FCS deletion significantly affects virus neutralization by the sera collected from COVID‐19 patients by administering specific mAb against the SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2): A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Thakur

Das

Kumar

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The aim of the study was to trace and understand the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) through various available literatures and accessible databases. Although the world enters the third year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, health and socioeconomic impacts continue to mount, the origin and mechanisms of spill‐over of the SARS‐CoV‐2 into humans remain elusive. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was performed that showcased the integrated information obtained through manual searches, digital databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE) searches, and searches from legitimate publications (1966–2022), followed by meta‐analysis. Our systematic analysis data proposed three postulated hypotheses concerning the origin of the SARS‐CoV‐2, which include zoonotic origin (Z), laboratory origin (L), and obscure origin (O). Despite the fact that the zoonotic origin for SARS‐CoV‐2 has not been conclusively identified to date, our data suggest a zoonotic origin, in contrast to some alternative concepts, including the probability of a laboratory incident or leak. Our data exhibit that zoonotic origin (Z) has higher evidence‐based support as compared to laboratory origin (L). Importantly, based on all the studies included, we generated the forest plot with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk ratio estimates. Our meta‐analysis further supports the zoonotic origin of SARS/SARS‐CoV‐2 in the included studies.

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“…As such, to avoid virus attachment, most of the therapeutics and vaccines approved for emergency use have been developed to specifically act and inhibit the ACE2‐spike interactions. 42 Thus, understanding the mutations, their possible role and location, is crucial for the design of effective target‐specific therapeutics and preventive strategies. 43 Omicron has at least 30 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, three deletions and an insertion (Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Variants Of Concern (Voc) Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Omicron – The new SARS‐CoV‐2 challenge?

Lino

Cardoso

Martins-Lopes

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has infected nearly 300 M people worldwide and has been associated with over 6 M deaths by March 2022. Since the virus emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, several new mutations have been described. The World Health Organization has developed a working name for these emerging variants according to their impact on the worldwide population. In this context a high alert has been paid to variants of concern (VOC) due to their high infectiousness and transmissibility patterns. The most recent VOC, Omicron (B.1.1.529), has become dominant in the shortest time ever and has placed Europe under an overwhelming and unprecedented number of new cases. This variant has numerous mutations in regions that are associated with higher transmissibility, stronger viral binding, affinity and antibody escape. Moreover, the mutations and deletions present in the spike protein suggest that the SARS‐CoV‐2 specific attachment inhibitors may not be the best option for Omicron therapy. Omicron is the dominant variant circulating worldwide and, at the end of February 2022, it was responsible for nearly all sequences reported to GISAID. Omicron is made up of several sublineages, where the most common are BA.1 and BA.2 (or Nextstrain clade 21K and 21L, respectively). At a global level, it is possible to say that the proportion of BA.2 has been increasing relative to BA.1 and in some countries it has been replacing it at high rates. In order to better assess the Omicron effectiveness on antibody escape, spread and infectious ability it is of the highest relevance to maintain a worldwide tight surveillance. Even though this variant has been associated with a lower death rate, it is important to highlight that the number of people becoming infected is concerning and that further unpredictable mutations may emerge as the number of infected people rises.

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Therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 208 publications

Characterization of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern and its global perspective

Characterization of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern and its global perspective

Tracing the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2): A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Omicron – The new SARS‐CoV‐2 challenge?

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