Therapeutic alliance, expressed emotion, and treatment outcome for anorexia nervosa in a family-based partial hospitalization program

Augmentative Approaches in Family‐Based Treatment for Adolescents with Restrictive Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review

“…The mean sample age in the included studies ranged from 12.8 to 17.7 years, with studies including the youngest (8 years) (Hoste, ; Ornstein, Lane‐Loney, & Hollenbeak, ) and oldest (24 years) (Rienecke et al, ) participants both reporting on FBT‐based partial hospitalisation programs or intensive outpatient programs. All participants in comparative studies were aged 10–20 years at baseline.…”

“…All participants in comparative studies were aged 10–20 years at baseline. Five non‐comparative studies (Gelin, Hendrick, & Simon, ; Girz, Robinson, Foroughe, Jasper, & Boachie, ; Hurst & Zimmer‐Gembeck, ; Paulson‐Karlsson, Engstrom, & Nevonen, ; Robinson, Strahan, Girz, Wilson, & Boachie, ) had adolescent‐only samples, with the remaining samples comprising a mixture of children (<11 years), adolescents and young adults (>18 years) (Doyle, ; Henderson et al, ; Hoste, ; Johnston, O'Gara, Koman, Baker, & Anderson, ; Jones, Volker, Lock, Taylor, & Jacobi, ; Ornstein et al, ; Rienecke, Richmond, & Lebow, ; Rockwell, Boutelle, Trunko, Jacobs, & Kaye, ). Three non‐comparative studies reported mean ages of 14–15 years without stating overall age ranges (Hollesen, Clausen, & Rokkedal, ; Robinson et al, ; Salaminiou, Campbell, Simic, Kuipers, & Eisler, ), while Doyle et al (2013) reported outcomes in an intensive outpatient program separately for children (10–13 years) and adolescents (14–18 years), between whom there were no significant differences on any assessments.…”

“…All comparative studies included only patients with restrictive‐type EDs, with two studies including a minority of patients diagnosed with EDNOS‐R at baseline (Eisler et al, ; Marzola et al, ). Of the 17 non‐comparative studies, two included mixed‐diagnosis samples of only patients with restrictive‐type EDs (Hoste, ; Rienecke et al, ), and a single study included an AN‐only sample (Hurst & Zimmer‐Gembeck, ), albeit with only three participants in a case‐series design. Two studies stated patients met diagnostic criteria for restrictive‐type EDs without specifying diagnoses (Jones et al, ; Mehl, Tomanová, Kuběna, & Papežová, ), and the remaining 12 studies included patients with restrictive and non‐restrictive ED diagnoses.…”

“…The specific reasons for the application of an augmentative FBT approach could not be determined in one study reporting on the combination of separated and conjoint FBT (Paulson‐Karlsson et al, ), nor could the reasons for which patients were referred to a FBT‐based partial hospitalisation program rather than to outpatient therapy in another study by Bean, Louks, Kay, Cornella‐Carlson, and Weltzin (). Further, while several partial hospitalisation or intensive outpatient programs were described as designed for adolescents requiring a more intensive level of care for severe ED symptoms, it was not clear as to how the severity of such presentations was determined (Girz et al, ; Hoste, ; Rienecke et al, ; Robinson et al, ).…”

“…Group and individual therapy modalities were generally CBT‐based and DBT‐based, although were not described in detail in two programs (Henderson et al, ; Ornstein et al, ; Robinson et al, ). Two studies reported on different samples participating in the same partial hospitalisation program (Hoste, ; Rienecke et al, ). All such studies except one (Bean et al, ) were described as designed for patients and families requiring a higher‐intensity level of care due to medical instability or more severe ED symptom severity.…”