Theory and numerical simulation of droplet dynamics in complex flows—a review

Cristini, Vittorio; Tan, Yung Chieh

doi:10.1039/b403226h

Cited by 287 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…When shear stress overcomes surface tension, the extended aqueous bolus breaks off and quickly relaxes to a spherical geometry as it passes downstream 23 . Figure 1b shows the aqueous bolus at the T-junction with three droplets in succession moving quickly towards the channel center.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Droplet size was estimated from the computed volumetric flow rates, channel hydraulic diameter, carrier fluid viscosity, and surface tension. 23 These analyses indicated that a channel width of 60 μm at the T-junction was optimal for generating 10-picoliter droplets. As seen in Figure 1a, downstream from the droplet generation zone, the channel expands to bring more droplets into the optical field of view, allowing more droplets to be observed while stopped on-chip.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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On-Chip, Real-Time, Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction in Picoliter Droplets

et al. 2007

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RECEIVED DATE (to be automatically inserted after your manuscript is accepted if requiredaccording to the journal that you are submitting your paper to) *colston1@llnl.gov ABSTRACT. The first lab-on-chip system for picoliter droplet generation and PCR amplification with real-time fluorescence detection has performed PCR in isolated droplets at volumes 10 6 smaller than commercial real-time PCR systems. The system utilized a shearing T-junction in a silicon device to generate a stream of monodisperse picoliter droplets that were isolated from the microfluidic channel walls and each other by the oil phase carrier. An off-chip valving system stopped the droplets on-chip, allowing them to be thermal cycled through the PCR protocol without droplet motion. With this system a 10-pL droplet, encapsulating less than one copy of viral genomic DNA through Poisson statistics, showed real-time PCR amplification curves with a cycle threshold of ~18, twenty cycles earlier than 2 commercial instruments. This combination of the established real-time PCR assay with digital microfluidics is ideal for isolating single-copy nucleic acids in a complex environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

On-Chip, Real-Time, Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction in Picoliter Droplets

et al. 2007

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“…1,[9][10][11] These include level set methods, 12 phase field methods, 13,14 marker methods, 15 and VOF methods, [16][17][18] combined with spatial and temporal discretizations such as the boundary integral formulation, 19 finite elements, and finite differences. [20][21][22] A phase field method was developed in Ref.…”

Section: Numerical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows for the generation of monodisperse emulsions by moving droplets through networks of microchannels. 1 For example, droplets of controllable sizes can be produced when two immiscible fluids flow through a T-junction channel. 2 Despite the recent research focus on droplet-based microfluidic techniques, open questions still remain for the understanding of drop deformation and breakup in a T-junction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of elongated drops in a microfluidic T-junction

2011

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We present a combined numerical and asymptotic approach for modeling droplets in microchannels. The magnitude of viscous forces relative to the surface tension force is characterized by a capillary number, Ca, which is assumed to be small. The numerical results successfully capture existing asymptotic solutions for the motion of drops in unconfined and confined flows; examples include the analytic Stokes flow solution for a two-dimensional inviscid bubble placed in an unbounded parabolic flow field and asymptotic formulas for slender bubbles and drops in confined flows. An extensive investigation of the accuracy of the computations is presented to probe the efficacy of the methodology and algorithms. Thereafter, numerical simulations are presented for droplet breakup in a symmetric microfluidic T-junction. The results are shown to support a proposed mechanism for breakup, driven by a pressure drop in a narrow gap between the droplet and the outer channel wall, which was formally derived in the limit Ca 1/5 Ӷ 1 ͓A. M. Leshansky and L. M. Pismen, "Breakup of drops in a microfluidic T junction," Phys. Fluids 21, 023303 ͑2009͔͒.

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“…Droplet size is adjusted by varying channel geometry, flow rate, and dispersed phase viscosity 10,11 . An effective T-junction width for channels of rectangular cross section was determined previously 9 and has been applied to the circular cross section used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Single-Copy Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR in Isolated Picoliter Droplets

et al. 2008

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RECEIVED DATE (to be automatically inserted after your manuscript is accepted if required according to the journal that you are submitting your paper to) *beer2@llnl.gov ABSTRACT. The first lab-on-chip system for picoliter droplet generation and RNA isolation, followed by reverse transcription, and PCR amplification with real-time fluorescence detection in the trapped droplets has been developed. The system utilized a shearing T-junction in a fused silica device to generate a stream of monodisperse picoliter-scale droplets that were isolated from the microfluidic channel walls and each other by the oil phase carrier. An off-chip valving system stopped the droplets on-chip, allowing thermal cycling for reverse transcription and subsequent PCR amplification without droplet motion. This combination of the established realtime reverse transcription-PCR assay with digital microfluidics is ideal for isolating single-copy RNA and virions from a complex environment, and will be useful in viral discovery and geneprofiling applications.

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Theory and numerical simulation of droplet dynamics in complex flows—a review

Abstract: We review theoretical and numerical studies and methods for droplet deformation, breakup and coalescence in flows relevant to the design of micro channels for droplet generation and manipulation.

Cited by 287 publications

References 110 publications

On-Chip, Real-Time, Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction in Picoliter Droplets

On-Chip, Real-Time, Single-Copy Polymerase Chain Reaction in Picoliter Droplets

Numerical investigation of elongated drops in a microfluidic T-junction

On-Chip Single-Copy Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR in Isolated Picoliter Droplets

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