“…Changing basicity can alter melt formation and mineral phase composition in sinter . Table shows the calcium ferrites content of sinter in different layers; calcium ferrites increase with increasing basicity, and this is consistent with previous results. − , And it is also consistent with the NO x emission variation in Figure ; this shows that when basicity is altered, variation in the mineral phase has a great influence on NO x emission. 9 NO x emissions with different sinter lime levels. 10 Sinter bed temperatures in different layers with different sinter lime levels.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 80%
“…Increasing temperature favors melt generation and increases calcium ferrites formation . Table also shows that the calcium ferrites content in the bottom layer is higher than that in the top layer, which would mean increased catalytic conversion of NO x to N 2 and reduced NO x emission. − On the one hand, high temperature can promote NO x reduction by carbon; on the other hand, it can increase the release of nitrogen. , Results suggest that the overall impact of increasing temperature leads to the decrease of NO x emission in the iron ore sintering.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Predicted temperature results indicate that temperature in the bottom layer is about 150 K higher than that in the top layer. This shows NO x decreases by about 15−25% when temperature increases by 100 K. Furthermore, for the sand test, no catalyst such as calcium ferrites exists to decompose NO x to N 2 , or accelerate the reaction between CO or carbon and NO x . − With the flame front moving to the middle layer in test 13, bed temperature increases by around 100 °C and NO x emission in the middle layer decreases by 16%. And in the NO.1 test bed, temperature also increases by around 100 °C and NO x emission decreases by 20% when the flame front descends down to the middle layer.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent years several papers have investigated NO x emission in the iron ore sintering. Pan et al , and Morioka et al studied the influence of calcium ferrites formed in the high temperature zone on NO x emission and found that they catalyzed NO x decomposition, resulting in reduced emission levels. They − proposed that increased calcium ferrites levels will reduce NO x emission, which could be achieved by the preferential pregranulation of limestone and ores.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pan et al , and Morioka et al studied the influence of calcium ferrites formed in the high temperature zone on NO x emission and found that they catalyzed NO x decomposition, resulting in reduced emission levels. They − proposed that increased calcium ferrites levels will reduce NO x emission, which could be achieved by the preferential pregranulation of limestone and ores. Probably because of NO x decomposition, Chen et al. ,, found that their levels decreased during iron ore sintering when a specially prepared coke containing CeO 2 was used.…”
This paper explores NO x emission during iron ore sintering on a pilot-scale pot. A novel technique of using a three-layered bed structure was adopted to study the role of coke level, properties and combustion behavior on NO x emission. In addition, the lime content of the mix was also altered to understand the effect of the melt formation process. Thirteen sinter pot tests were employed to analyze the influence of coke combustion on NO x emission. As the flame front descended down the pot, NO x emission decreased because of increasing bed temperatures. For this reason, it is to be expected that increasing coke rate will result in higher sinter bed temperature and lower conversion of coke-N to NO x . However, overall NO x emission is little changed because more coke means higher N availability. Increasing basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ) from 1.9 to 2.4 in raw mix results in the decrease of NO x emission, about 5%. Increasing coke size may result in the decrease or increase of NO x emission. Placing coke particles on the outside of granules can lower NO x emission in the middle and bottom layers, by 4−15%. NO x emission in the iron ore sinter process is determined by the conversion of coke-N to NO x and nitrogen source in sinter mix. The atmosphere around coke particles is very important for NO x reduction, and NO x emission will increase by around 15% when oxygen increases by 1 vol.%. During iron ore sintering, temperature has great influence on NO x emission, with levels decreasing by 15−25% for a 100 K temperature increase.
“…Changing basicity can alter melt formation and mineral phase composition in sinter . Table shows the calcium ferrites content of sinter in different layers; calcium ferrites increase with increasing basicity, and this is consistent with previous results. − , And it is also consistent with the NO x emission variation in Figure ; this shows that when basicity is altered, variation in the mineral phase has a great influence on NO x emission. 9 NO x emissions with different sinter lime levels. 10 Sinter bed temperatures in different layers with different sinter lime levels.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 80%
“…Increasing temperature favors melt generation and increases calcium ferrites formation . Table also shows that the calcium ferrites content in the bottom layer is higher than that in the top layer, which would mean increased catalytic conversion of NO x to N 2 and reduced NO x emission. − On the one hand, high temperature can promote NO x reduction by carbon; on the other hand, it can increase the release of nitrogen. , Results suggest that the overall impact of increasing temperature leads to the decrease of NO x emission in the iron ore sintering.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Predicted temperature results indicate that temperature in the bottom layer is about 150 K higher than that in the top layer. This shows NO x decreases by about 15−25% when temperature increases by 100 K. Furthermore, for the sand test, no catalyst such as calcium ferrites exists to decompose NO x to N 2 , or accelerate the reaction between CO or carbon and NO x . − With the flame front moving to the middle layer in test 13, bed temperature increases by around 100 °C and NO x emission in the middle layer decreases by 16%. And in the NO.1 test bed, temperature also increases by around 100 °C and NO x emission decreases by 20% when the flame front descends down to the middle layer.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent years several papers have investigated NO x emission in the iron ore sintering. Pan et al , and Morioka et al studied the influence of calcium ferrites formed in the high temperature zone on NO x emission and found that they catalyzed NO x decomposition, resulting in reduced emission levels. They − proposed that increased calcium ferrites levels will reduce NO x emission, which could be achieved by the preferential pregranulation of limestone and ores.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pan et al , and Morioka et al studied the influence of calcium ferrites formed in the high temperature zone on NO x emission and found that they catalyzed NO x decomposition, resulting in reduced emission levels. They − proposed that increased calcium ferrites levels will reduce NO x emission, which could be achieved by the preferential pregranulation of limestone and ores. Probably because of NO x decomposition, Chen et al. ,, found that their levels decreased during iron ore sintering when a specially prepared coke containing CeO 2 was used.…”
This paper explores NO x emission during iron ore sintering on a pilot-scale pot. A novel technique of using a three-layered bed structure was adopted to study the role of coke level, properties and combustion behavior on NO x emission. In addition, the lime content of the mix was also altered to understand the effect of the melt formation process. Thirteen sinter pot tests were employed to analyze the influence of coke combustion on NO x emission. As the flame front descended down the pot, NO x emission decreased because of increasing bed temperatures. For this reason, it is to be expected that increasing coke rate will result in higher sinter bed temperature and lower conversion of coke-N to NO x . However, overall NO x emission is little changed because more coke means higher N availability. Increasing basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ) from 1.9 to 2.4 in raw mix results in the decrease of NO x emission, about 5%. Increasing coke size may result in the decrease or increase of NO x emission. Placing coke particles on the outside of granules can lower NO x emission in the middle and bottom layers, by 4−15%. NO x emission in the iron ore sinter process is determined by the conversion of coke-N to NO x and nitrogen source in sinter mix. The atmosphere around coke particles is very important for NO x reduction, and NO x emission will increase by around 15% when oxygen increases by 1 vol.%. During iron ore sintering, temperature has great influence on NO x emission, with levels decreasing by 15−25% for a 100 K temperature increase.
As essential materials, iron and steel, which form the core of many national economies, guarantee the survival and development of the country. However, the iron and steel industry is also a typical example of an industry with high energy consumption and high pollution levels. Against the backdrop of a double carbon and green environment, the steel industry still needs to achieve high‐quality development. The sintering and pelletizing processes are one of the limiting links that need to be broken through. This article focuses on the source, change process, and emission modes of sulfur in the sintering and pelletizing processes, and also systematically introduces the migration behavior and law of sulfur, along with several typical desulfurization processes. Finally, the future green development of the iron and steel industry is considered.
Through the research on the mechanism of iron ore sintering process, we used Fluent software to simulate the sintering process and establish a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer; moreover, we used the sintering cup experiment to verify the reliability of the model. The experimental results showed the following: when adding biomass fuel, the thickness of the material layer with the temperature higher than 1573 K decreased slightly; meanwhile, the thickness of the material layer with the temperature higher than 1723 K decreased drastically. Comparison of the emission content of SO 2 in conventional sintering and sintering with biomass fuel showed that sintering with biomass fuel could reduce SO 2 content in sintering flue gas. Considering sinter properties and SO 2 emission reduction effect, sintering material that was added 30% biomass fuel to replace coke breeze could ensure the ore-forming process, and could realise the environmentfriendly production.
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